Cited by 2,149Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersTryptophan and brain disorders

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Morais, Livia H., Schreiber, Henry L., Mazmanian, Sarkis K.·2021·Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Abstract

In a striking display of trans-kingdom symbiosis, gut bacteria cooperate with their animal hosts to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic and nervous systems through dynamic bidirectional communication along the 'gut-brain axis'. These processes may affect human health, as certain animal behaviours appear to correlate with the composition of gut bacteria, and disruptions in microbial communities have been implicated in several neurological disorders. Most insights about host-microbiota interactions come from animal models, which represent crucial tools for studying the various pathways linking the gut and the brain. However, there are complexities and manifest limitations inherent in translating complex human disease to reductionist animal models. In this Review, we discuss emerging and exciting evidence of intricate and crucial connections between the gut microbiota and the brain involving multiple biological systems, and possible contributions by the gut microbiota to neurological disorders. Continued advances from this frontier of biomedicine may lead to tangible impacts on human health.

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Self-citation

Authors: Morais, L. H., Schreiber, H. L., & Mazmanian, S. K.
Affiliations: California Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Mazmanian, Sarkis K.
ORCID: Morais, Livia H.
Schreiber, Henry L.
Mazmanian, Sarkis K.
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-10-22
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: 241-255
ISSN: 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00460-0
OpenAlex: W3094330590
Cited by: 2,149
References: 195
Citations by year: 2026: 372 · 2025: 443 · 2024: 493 · 2023: 392 · 2022: 315 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 20.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, host-microbiota interactions, animal behavior, neurological disorders, animal models of disease, two-way communication, immune regulation, metabolic regulation, brain development
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Host Microbial Interactions, Animals, Bacteria, Brain, Brain Diseases, Humans, Symbiosis, Models, Animal

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

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