The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Photoswitching topology in polymer networks with metal–organic cages as crosslinks
Abstract
Polymer networks can have a range of desirable properties such as mechanical strength, wide compositional diversity between different materials, permanent porosity, convenient processability and broad solvent compatibility 1,2. Designing polymer networks from the bottom up with new structural motifs and chemical compositions can be used to impart dynamic features such as malleability or self-healing, or to allow the material to respond to environmental stimuli 3-8. However, many existing systems exhibit only one operational state that is defined by the material's composition and topology 3-6; or their responsiveness may be irreversible 7,9,10 and limited to a single network property 11,12 (such as stiffness). Here we use cooperative self-assembly as a design principle to prepare a material that can be switched between two topological states. By using networks of polymer-linked metal-organic cages in which the cages change shape and size on irradiation, we can reversibly switch the network topology with ultraviolet or green light. This photoswitching produces coherent changes in several network properties at once, including branch functionality, junction fluctuations, defect tolerance, shear modulus, stress-relaxation behaviour and self-healing. Topology-switching materials could prove useful in fields such as soft robotics and photo-actuators as well as providing model systems for fundamental polymer physics studies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Rubinstein, M., & Colby, R. H. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198520597.001.0001 · Cited by 5,686
Self-Assembly of Discrete Cyclic Nanostructures Mediated by Transition Metals
Leininger, S., Olenyuk, B. Z., & Stang, P. J. (2000) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9601324 · Cited by 3,479
A Thermally Re-mendable Cross-Linked Polymeric Material
Chen, X., Dam, M. A., Ono, K., Mal, A., Shen, H., Nutt, S., Sheran, K., & Wudl, F. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1065879 · Cited by 2,649
Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity
Chaudhuri, O., Gu, L., Klumpers, D., Darnell, M., Bencherif, S. A., Weaver, J. C., Huebsch, N., Lee, H.-P., Lippens, E., Duda, G. N., et al. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4489 · Cited by 2,443
Optically healable supramolecular polymers
Burnworth, M., Tang, L., Kumpfer, J. R., Duncan, A. J., Beyer, F. L., Fiore, G. L., Rowan, S. J., & Weder, C. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09963 · Cited by 1,779
Photodegradable Hydrogels for Dynamic Tuning of Physical and Chemical Properties
Kloxin, A. M., Kasko, A. M., Salinas, C. N., & Anseth, K. S. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169494 · Cited by 1,748
Pedersen, J. S. (1997) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/s0001-8686(97)00312-6 · Cited by 1,653
High-performance vitrimers from commodity thermoplastics through dioxaborolane metathesis
Röttger, M., Domenech, T., van der Weegen, R., Breuillac, A., Nicolaÿ, R., & Leibler, L. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah5281 · Cited by 1,394
Stimuli-Responsive Metal–Ligand Assemblies
McConnell, A. J., Wood, C. S., Neelakandan, P. P., & Nitschke, J. R. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500632f · Cited by 1,006
Materials as stem cell regulators
Murphy, W. L., McDevitt, T. C., & Engler, A. J. (2014) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3937 · Cited by 947
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zheng, N., Xu, Y., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00938 · Cited by 1,438
Topological supramolecular network enabled high-conductivity, stretchable organic bioelectronics
Jiang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y.-X., Li, D., Coen, C., Hwaun, E., Chen, G., Wu, H., Zhong, D., Niu, S., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj7564 · Cited by 639
Metal–organic cages for molecular separations
Zhang, D., Ronson, T. K., Zou, Y., & Nitschke, J. R. (2021) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-020-00246-1 · Cited by 515
Disulfide-Mediated Reversible Polymerization toward Intrinsically Dynamic Smart Materials
Zhang, Q., Qu, D., Feringa, B. L., & Tian, H. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c10359 · Cited by 474
Photophysics Modulation in Photoswitchable Metal–Organic Frameworks
Rice, A. M., Martin, C. R., Galitskiy, V. A., Berseneva, A. A., Leith, G. A., & Shustova, N. B. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00350 · Cited by 432
Metadata
- Authors
- Gu, Y., Alt, E. A., Wang, H., Li, X., Willard, A. P., & Johnson, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of South Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Jeremiah A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2018-07-18
- Volume
- 560
- Issue
- 7716
- Pages
- 65-69
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2884331733
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 15.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-08-20)
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
- Keywords
- photoswitching, polymer networks, metal-organic cages, crosslinking, switching topologies, cooperative self-assembly, photoresponsive gels, self-healing, stress relaxation, shear modulus, defect tolerance, soft robotics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
