Cited by 1,748Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsPhotopolymerization techniques and applications3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Photodegradable Hydrogels for Dynamic Tuning of Physical and Chemical Properties

Open access
Kloxin, April M., Kasko, Andrea M., Salinas, Chelsea N., Anseth, Kristi S.·2009·Science

Abstract

We report a strategy to create photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)–based hydrogels through rapid polymerization of cytocompatible macromers for remote manipulation of gel properties in situ. Postgelation control of the gel properties was demonstrated to introduce temporal changes, creation of arbitrarily shaped features, and on-demand pendant functionality release. Channels photodegraded within a hydrogel containing encapsulated cells allow cell migration. Temporal variation of the biochemical gel composition was used to influence chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated stem cells. Photodegradable gels that allow real-time manipulation of material properties or chemistry provide dynamic environments with the scope to answer fundamental questions about material regulation of live cell function and may affect an array of applications from design of drug delivery vehicles to tissue engineering systems.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1169494

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The viscoelastic profile of hydrogels defines the mechanical confinement of growing organoids.

    “The viscoelastic profile of hydrogels has also been shown to define the mechanical confinement of growing organoids66.”

    From Organoids (2022) · cites this paper as [66]

    The passage on gel crosslinking density (indexed under Abstract; no page given) shows that densely crosslinked hydrogels kept encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells rounded, while reducing crosslinking allowed them to spread. This supports a role for gel structure in mechanically restricting cells, but the paper does not establish that a hydrogel’s viscoelastic profile defines the confinement of growing organoids. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Manipulating synthetic hydrogels using methods such as electrospinning, photopatterning, spraying of microspheres, inkjet and 3D printing, or microfluidic channels enables control over the shape and size of the organoids.

    “Manipulating synthetic hydrogels using methods such as electrospinning125, photopatterning126,127, spraying of microspheres128, inkjet and 3D printing129, or microfluidic channels130 further enables control over the shape and size of the organoids.”

    From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [126]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kloxin, A. M., Kasko, A. M., Salinas, C. N., & Anseth, K. S.
Affiliations
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Kasko, Andrea M.
  • Anseth, Kristi S.
Venue
Science
Published
2009-04-03
Volume
324
Issue
5923
Pages
59-63
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2067897176
Cited by
1,748
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 62 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 126 · 2017: 128 · 2016: 118 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 134 · 2013: 124 · 2012: 120
FWCI
48.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE012998, DE16523, DE12998, R01DE016523)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Photopolymerization techniques and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Keywords
photodegradable hydrogels, poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels, dynamic hydrogels, cell migration, chondrogenic differentiation, stem cells, drug carriers, tissue engineering, encapsulated cells
MeSH terms
Acrylates, Cell Differentiation, Cell Movement, Cell Survival, Cross-Linking Reagents, Humans, Light, Oligopeptides, Photochemistry, Photolysis, Polyethylene Glycols, Polymers, Chondrocytes, Hydrogels, Chondrogenesis, Collagen Type II, Cell Line, Tumor, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review