Verified quantum information scrambling
Open accessAbstract
Quantum scrambling is the dispersal of local information into many-body quantum entanglements and correlations distributed throughout an entire system. This concept accompanies the dynamics of thermalization in closed quantum systems, and has recently emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing chaos in black holes 1-4. However, the direct experimental measurement of quantum scrambling is difficult, owing to the exponential complexity of ergodic many-body entangled states. One way to characterize quantum scrambling is to measure an out-of-time-ordered correlation function (OTOC); however, because scrambling leads to their decay, OTOCs do not generally discriminate between quantum scrambling and ordinary decoherence. Here we implement a quantum circuit that provides a positive test for the scrambling features of a given unitary process 5,6. This approach conditionally teleports a quantum state through the circuit, providing an unambiguous test for whether scrambling has occurred, while simultaneously measuring an OTOC. We engineer quantum scrambling processes through a tunable three-qubit unitary operation as part of a seven-qubit circuit on an ion trap quantum computer. Measured teleportation fidelities are typically about 80 per cent, and enable us to experimentally bound the scrambling-induced decay of the corresponding OTOC measurement.
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The walk was realized on a chain of seven individual 171Yb+ ions confined in a Paul trap and laser-cooled close to their motional ground state.
“We realize the walk on a chain of seven individual 171Yb+ ions confined in a Paul trap and laser-cooled close to their motional ground state45,51.”
From Quantum walks and Dirac cellular automata on a programmable trapped-ion quantum computer (2020) · cites this paper as [51]
The Trapped Ion Qubits section (p. 7) confirms that the experiment used ¹⁷¹Yb⁺ ions in a Paul trap, laser-cooled near the motional ground state. It specifies a chain of nine ions, however, with only the middle seven used as qubits—not a chain of seven ions. The citing authors’ walk is their own experiment, not a result attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Landsman, K. A., Figgatt, C., Schuster, T., Linke, N. M., Yoshida, B., Yao, N. Y., & Monroe, C.
- Affiliations
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Perimeter Institute (CA)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Landsman, K. A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-03-06
- Volume
- 567
- Issue
- 7746
- Pages
- 61-65
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2805441291
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 20.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Keywords
- quantum scrambling, quantum chaos, quantum teleportation, ion trap quantum computing, decoherence, thermalization, black holes
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