Cited by 257Cancer Cells and MetastasisColorectal Cancer Treatments and StudiesMechanisms of cancer metastasis

Metastatic recurrence in colorectal cancer arises from residual EMP1+ cells

Open access
Cañellas-Socias, Adrià, Cortina, Carme, Hernando-Momblona, Xavier, Palomo-Ponce, Sergio, Mulholland, Eoghan J., Turon, Gemma, Mateo, Lidia, Conti, Sefora +22 more·2022·Nature

Abstract

Around 30-40% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing curative resection of the primary tumour will develop metastases in the subsequent years 1. Therapies to prevent disease relapse remain an unmet medical need. Here we uncover the identity and features of the residual tumour cells responsible for CRC relapse. An analysis of single-cell transcriptomes of samples from patients with CRC revealed that the majority of genes associated with a poor prognosis are expressed by a unique tumour cell population that we named high-relapse cells (HRCs). We established a human-like mouse model of microsatellite-stable CRC that undergoes metastatic relapse after surgical resection of the primary tumour. Residual HRCs occult in mouse livers after primary CRC surgery gave rise to multiple cell types over time, including LGR5+ stem-like tumour cells 2-4, and caused overt metastatic disease. Using Emp1 (encoding epithelial membrane protein 1) as a marker gene for HRCs, we tracked and selectively eliminated this cell population. Genetic ablation of EMP1 high cells prevented metastatic recurrence and mice remained disease-free after surgery. We also found that HRC-rich micrometastases were infiltrated with T cells, yet became progressively immune-excluded during outgrowth. Treatment with neoadjuvant immunotherapy eliminated residual metastatic cells and prevented mice from relapsing after surgery. Together, our findings reveal the cell-state dynamics of residual disease in CRC and anticipate that therapies targeting HRCs may help to avoid metastatic relapse.

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  • Immune checkpoint blockade particularly facilitates destruction of small tumours and micrometastases, in which PD-L1 positivity and T cell infiltration are higher compared with larger metastases.

    “Furthermore, ICB particularly facilitates the destruction of small tumours and micrometastases, in which PD-L1 positivity and T cell infiltration are higher compared with larger metastases.174”
  • Perioperative immune checkpoint blockade enabled eradication of micrometastases after resection of the primary tumour in a mouse model of pMMR/MSS colorectal cancer.

    “and, indeed, perioperative ICB enabled eradication of micrometastases after resection of the primary tumour in a mouse model of pMMR/MSS CRC.174”

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  1. [57]Irizarry RA Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data Selected Works of Terry Speed 2012 601 616 12925520

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Authors
Cañellas-Socias, A., Cortina, C., Hernando-Momblona, X., Palomo-Ponce, S., Mulholland, E. J., Turon, G., Mateo, L., Conti, S., Roman, O., Sevillano, M., Slebe, F., Stork, D., Caballé-Mestres, A., Berenguer-Llergo, A., Álvarez-Varela, A., Fenderico, N., Novellasdemunt, L., Jiménez-Gracia, L., Sipka, T., Bardia, L., Lorden, P., Colombelli, J., Heyn, H., Trepat, X., Tejpar, S., Sancho, E., Tauriello, D. V. F., Leedham, S., Attolini, C. S.-O., & Batlle, E.
Affiliations
  • Institute for Research in Biomedicine (ES)
  • Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
  • Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ES)
  • Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
  • Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
  • KU Leuven (BE)
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
Corresponding author
Batlle, Eduard
Venue
Nature
Published
2022-11-09
Volume
611
Issue
7936
Pages
603-613
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W4308620623
Cited by
256
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 63 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 2
FWCI
20.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
  • Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (206314/Z/17/Z, 206314)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mechanisms of cancer metastasis
Keywords
colorectal cancer, distant recurrence, EMP1, epithelial membrane protein 1, micrometastases, immune exclusion, T cell infiltration, neoadjuvant immunotherapy, cell state dynamics, surgical resection
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Proteins, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Receptors, Cell Surface, T-Lymphocytes, Colorectal Neoplasms, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Neoplasm, Residual, Disease Progression, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Mice

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