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Plant gene editing through de novo induction of meristems
Open accessAbstract
Plant gene editing is typically performed by delivering reagents such as Cas9 and single guide RNAs to explants in culture. Edited cells are then induced to differentiate into whole plants by exposure to various hormones. The creation of edited plants through tissue culture is often inefficient, time-consuming, works for only limited species and genotypes, and causes unintended changes to the genome and epigenome. Here we report two methods to generate gene-edited dicotyledonous plants through de novo meristem induction. Developmental regulators and gene-editing reagents are delivered to somatic cells of whole plants. This induces meristems that produce shoots with targeted DNA modifications, and gene edits are transmitted to the next generation. The de novo induction of gene-edited meristems sidesteps the need for tissue culture and promises to overcome a bottleneck in plant gene editing.
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“Injection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the development regulators WUS2 and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) into tobacco seedlings led to the development of gene-edited shoots with heritable mutations (Maher et al., 2020).”
From Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance (2023) · cites this paper as Maher et al., 2020
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“De novo induction of geneedited meristems also avoids the tissue culture step and can be induced in aseptically grown seedlings and soil-grown plants (Maher et al., 2020).”
From Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance (2023) · cites this paper as Maher et al., 2020
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Gallois, J., & German‐Retana, S. (2023) · Virologie · doi:10.1684/vir.2023.1012
Exploring Endophytes for In Vitro Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Xu, D., & Li, Z. (2023) · Food bioactive ingredients · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35221-8_5
Applications and associated challenges of CRISPR-Cas technology in agriculture
Rathore, S., Bhatt, R., Joshi, S. M., Pandya, K. A., & Singh, N. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91808-4.00008-0
Gene Editing in Soybean: Promise to Products
Stupar, R. M., & Curtin, S. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8014-7_21
Application of CRISPR Technology and Nanomaterials to Advance Food Supply
Bharathan, N., & Turarbekova, Z. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49933-3_7
Marron, A. O. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.02.04.575544
Improving Qualities of Horticultural Crops Using Various CRISPR Delivery Methods
Kaur, C., & Lee, G. (2024) · Interdisciplinary biotechnological advances · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9338-3_9
Dharbaranyam, B., Sakthivel, K., & Venkataraman, G. (2024) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800623033.0010
Jiang, K., Hu, X., Sun, Q., Wang, Y., Wu, X., Yang, G., Wang, Z., & Wu, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4615496/v1
The engineering of medicinal plants: Future prospects and limitations
Singh, R., Yadav, R., & Fatima, S. K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22264-1.00005-0
KOBAYASHI, K. (2024) · SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics · doi:10.54910/sabrao2024.56.6.5
CRISPR-Cas: A Technology for Enhancing Commercially Valuable Traits in Industrial Crops
Kumar, A. (2025) · Sustainable landscape planning and natural resources management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75937-6_4
Edición de Genes y CRISPR-Cas: Aplicaciones, Avances y Desafíos: Genes y CRISPR
Elizondo‐Luévano, J. H., Sotelo, L. A. G., Paredes, I. C., de Dios-Romero, V., Villanueva-Terán, C., & Kačániová, M. (2024) · doi:10.29105/agricolis.v1i2.11
“Omics” Applications for Tomato Production
Batool, A., Farooq, U., Firdous, N., Saqib, H., Iqbal, Z., Siddique, T., & Sayal, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3890-1_1
Insights from Genome Editing into Tomato Germplasm: Current Status and Future Perspective
Ijaz, S., Javed Iqbal, M., Abbasi, B. A., Ullah, Z., Waqar, R., Usman, M., Yaseen, T., Khan, S., Iqbal, R., Murtaza, G., et al. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3890-1_8
Holland, J. B. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15976-3.00075-1
Current Challenges of Strawberry Production in Spain
Mercado-Hornos, J. A., & Posé, S. (2025) · Food science and nutrition · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1010743
Li, G., & Hou, H. (2025) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.70072
“However, some studies have also reported limitations of the DRs, including the aberrant development of vegetative and reproductive organs (Lowe et al. 2016; Maher et al. 2020; Lian et al. 2022).”
AN EFFICIENT PROTOPLAST ISOLATION PROTOCOL FOR TRANSIENT EXPRESSION IN RICE
Kaya, H. B. (2025) · The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences · doi:10.36899/japs.2025.5.0109
Buhmann, B., van der Woude, J., Winkelmann, T., & van der Ent, A. (2025) · Natural Products and Bioprospecting · doi:10.1007/s13659-025-00532-9
“For a transformation protocol, a de novo regeneration of plants via organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis is essential to achieve stable transformants while reducing chimeric regenerants [21].”
Detection of mutations induced by CRISPR /Cas9 in cabbage protoplasts using qPCR and dPCR
Stajič, E., Javornik, Ž., & Štajner, N. (2025) · Annals of Applied Biology · doi:10.1111/aab.70048
Understanding of microbial functions as guides for the development of crop protection strategies
Chaves-Silva, N. E., & Badel, J. L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23818-5.00003-x
Demirer, G. S., Li, E., Geng, Y., Wang, Y., Khristoforova, T. R., & Jones, J. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6304532/v1
Karmacharya, A., Leng, Y., Poudel, B., Bernardo, A., Bian, R., Bai, G., Xu, S. S., & Zhong, S. (2025) · Plant Breeding · doi:10.1111/pbr.70025
“Moreover, recent advances in CRISPR/Cas delivery and morphogenic gene expression, including the use of tissue-specific promoters and inducible systems, are providing tools to refine transformation efficiency while minimizing somaclonal variation (Maher et al. 2020).”
Genetic transformation and gene editing in cotton: advances and prospects
Yu, L., Yi, Y., Zhang, X., & Jin, S. (2025) · Scientia Sinica Vitae · doi:10.1360/ssv-2025-0249
Metadata
- Authors
- Maher, M. F., Nasti, R. A., Vollbrecht, M., Starker, C. G., Clark, M. D., & Voytas, D. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Voytas, Daniel F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2019-12-16
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 84-89
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- PMC
- PMC6954279
- OpenAlex
- W2995711654
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 20.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32-GM008347)
- Hackett Fund of the University of Minnesota TechAccel
- TechAccel
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- Cas9, single guide RNA, somatic cells, dicotyledonous plants, transgenerational inheritance, developmental regulators, epigenome, genome editing
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, CRISPR-Associated Protein 9, Base Sequence, Mutation, Plant Proteins, Soil, Nicotiana, Meristem, Plant Shoots, Transgenes, Plants, Genetically Modified, Seedlings
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