CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 149Electrochemical sensors and biosensorsIonic liquids properties and applicationsAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A new paradigm in sweat based wearable diagnostics biosensors using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs)

Open access
Munje, Rujuta D., Muthukumar, Sriram, Jagannath, Badrinath, Prasad, Shalini·2017·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-02133-0PMC PMC5434046
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Successful commercialization of wearable diagnostic sensors necessitates stability in detection of analytes over prolonged and continuous exposure to sweat. Challenges are primarily in ensuring target disease specific small analytes (i.e. metabolites, proteins, etc.) stability in complex sweat buffer with varying pH levels and composition over time. We present a facile approach to address these challenges using RTILs with antibody functionalized sensors on nanoporous, flexible polymer membranes. Temporal studies were performed using both infrared spectroscopic, dynamic light scattering, and impedimetric spectroscopy to demonstrate stability in detection of analytes, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Cortisol, from human sweat in RTILs. Temporal stability in sensor performance was performed as follows: (a) detection of target analytes after 0, 24, 48, 96, and 168 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization; and (b) continuous detection of target analytes post-antibody sensor functionalization. Limit of detection of IL-6 in human sweat was 0.2 pg/mL for 0–24 hours and 2 pg/mL for 24–48 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization. Continuous detection of IL-6 over 0.2–200 pg/mL in human sweat was demonstrated for a period of 10 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization. Furthermore, combinatorial detection of IL-6 and Cortisol in human sweat was established with minimal cross-talk for 0–48 hours post-antibody sensor functionalization.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41598-017-02133-0

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 (A) Schematic showing our vision of a wearable diagnostic sweat based biosensing and relative size of the developed sensor with RTIL and immunoassay functionalized semiconducting ZnO films on nanoporous polyamide substrates. (B) Image showing restricted wicking of fluid in active region of sensor along with a schematic showing capture probe–target biomarker interaction in RTIL and immunoassay with ZnO thin film on a porous membrane within the wicked region of the fluid.
Figure 1 (A) Schematic showing our vision of a wearable diagnostic sweat based biosensing and relative size of the developed sensor with RTIL and immunoassay functionalized semiconducting ZnO films on nanoporous polyamide substrates. (B) Image showing restricted wicking of fluid in active region of sensor along with a schematic showing capture probe–target biomarker interaction in RTIL and immunoassay with ZnO thin film on a porous membrane within the wicked region of the fluid.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 (A) SEM of nanoporous flexible membrane with inset showing EDAX spectra of the polyamide membrane surface. (B) SEM of ZnO sputtered polyamide membrane with inset showing EDAX spectra of the membrane surface. Zn peaks are only seen on the sputtered polyamide surface. (C) Structural parameters of membrane and ZnO thin film D) AFM image of ZnO thin film on silicon wafer.
Figure 2 (A) SEM of nanoporous flexible membrane with inset showing EDAX spectra of the polyamide membrane surface. (B) SEM of ZnO sputtered polyamide membrane with inset showing EDAX spectra of the membrane surface. Zn peaks are only seen on the sputtered polyamide surface. (C) Structural parameters of membrane and ZnO thin film D) AFM image of ZnO thin film on silicon wafer.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 XPS plots of (A) Zn 2p3/2 peak (B) O 1 s peak in bare ZnO and (C) Zn 2p3/2 peak (D) O 1 s peak (E) S 2p3/2 peak in DSP functionalized ZnO substrate.
Figure 3 XPS plots of (A) Zn 2p3/2 peak (B) O 1 s peak in bare ZnO and (C) Zn 2p3/2 peak (D) O 1 s peak (E) S 2p3/2 peak in DSP functionalized ZnO substrate.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 FTIR of polyamide surface on the side directly opposite to the surface used for applying the RTIL with IL-6 solution. The spectra establish no hindrance to the wicking and diffusion of IL-6 in RTIL through the nanoporous membrane thickness.
Figure 4 FTIR of polyamide surface on the side directly opposite to the surface used for applying the RTIL with IL-6 solution. The spectra establish no hindrance to the wicking and diffusion of IL-6 in RTIL through the nanoporous membrane thickness.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 FTIR spectra of DSP linker immobilized on ZnO surface (top), α-IL-6 antibody immobilized on DSP linker after T0, T24 and T48 hours (bottom).
Figure 5 FTIR spectra of DSP linker immobilized on ZnO surface (top), α-IL-6 antibody immobilized on DSP linker after T0, T24 and T48 hours (bottom).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 DLS and zeta potential measurements. (A) α-IL-6 antibody spiked in synthetic sweat (SS) of varying pH and RTIL ratios; (B) IL-6 antibody-antigen interactions in 50% RTIL in SS solutions. The dotted line in (B) represent the zero dose antigen zeta potential value for the respective proteins.
Figure 6 DLS and zeta potential measurements. (A) α-IL-6 antibody spiked in synthetic sweat (SS) of varying pH and RTIL ratios; (B) IL-6 antibody-antigen interactions in 50% RTIL in SS solutions. The dotted line in (B) represent the zero dose antigen zeta potential value for the respective proteins.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 (A) Percent change in Zmod ratio of antigen IL-6 concentration varying from 0.2 pg/mL to 200 pg/mL tested for varying storage time of antibody IL-6 for time T0, T24, T48, T96 and T168 at 4 °C. The dashed line represents specific signal threshold (SST). (B) Continuous time based detection of IL-6 in human sweat through impedance change.
Figure 7 (A) Percent change in Zmod ratio of antigen IL-6 concentration varying from 0.2 pg/mL to 200 pg/mL tested for varying storage time of antibody IL-6 for time T0, T24, T48, T96 and T168 at 4 °C. The dashed line represents specific signal threshold (SST). (B) Continuous time based detection of IL-6 in human sweat through impedance change.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Specificity of antibody IL-6 interactions towards antigen IL-6 and non-specific interactions with cortisol and glucose biomolecules for time intervals of antibody functionalized ZnO sensors stored at T0 to T168.
Figure 8 Specificity of antibody IL-6 interactions towards antigen IL-6 and non-specific interactions with cortisol and glucose biomolecules for time intervals of antibody functionalized ZnO sensors stored at T0 to T168.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 46 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–149 of 149

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Munje, R. D., Muthukumar, S., Jagannath, B., & Prasad, S.
Affiliations
The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
Corresponding author
Prasad, Shalini
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-05-16
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
1950-1950
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-02133-0
PMC
PMC5434046
OpenAlex
W2612250156
Cited by
149
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 2
FWCI
4.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Ionic liquids properties and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Keywords
wearable diagnostics, room temperature ionic liquids, interleukin-6 detection, cortisol detection, nanoporous membranes, sensor stability
MeSH terms
Dynamic Light Scattering, Wearable Electronic Devices, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Nylons, Sweat, Temperature, Zinc Oxide, Biosensing Techniques, Porosity, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Ionic Liquids

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review