Dysregulation of Neuronal Cholesterol Homeostasis upon Exposure to HIV-1 Tat and Cocaine Revealed by RNA-Sequencing
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HIV-1 Tat protein is released from HIV-1-infected cells and can enter non-permissive cells including neurons. Tat disrupts neuronal homeostasis and may contribute to the neuropathogenesis in people living with HIV (PLWH). The use of cocaine by PLWH exacerbates neuronal dysfunction. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which Tat and cocaine facilitate alterations in neuronal homeostatic processes. Bioinformatic interrogation of the results from RNA deep sequencing of rat hippocampal neurons exposed to Tat alone indicated the dysregulation of several genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Following exposure to Tat and cocaine, the activation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes led to increased levels of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in rat neurons. Results from lipid metabolism arrays validated upregulation of several processes implicated in the biogenesis of β-amyloid and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including sterol o-acyltransferase 1/acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1/ACAT1), sortilin-related receptor L1 (SORL1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 12 (LRP12). Further studies in Tat-treated primary neuronal cultures and brain tissues from HIV-1 transgenic mice as well as SIV-infected macaques confirmed elevated levels of SOAT1/ACAT 1 proteins. Our results offer novel insights into the molecular events involved in HIV and cocaine-mediated neuronal dysfunction that may also contribute to neuropathogenic events associated with the development of AD.
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HIV infection or HIV proteins dysregulate lipid and cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system and promote the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND)/NeuroHIV.
“Additionally, HIV infection or HIV proteins have been shown to dysregulate lipid and cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) and promote the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND)/NeuroHIV [10, 11].”
From HIV-TAT dysregulates microglial lipid metabolism through SREBP2/miR-124 axis: Implication of lipid droplet accumulation microglia in NeuroHIV (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Mohseni Ahooyi, T., Shekarabi, M., Torkzaban, B., Langford, T. D., Burdo, T. H., Gordon, J., Datta, P. K., Amini, S., & Khalili, K.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Khalili, Kamel
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-11-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16300-16300
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6215004
- OpenAlex
- W2899176553
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- TUScholarShare (Temple University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P30MH092177)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH092177)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (P01DA037830, R01DA042706, R01DA013137)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- HIV-1 Tat protein, cocaine, lipid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, free cholesterol, cholesterol esters, SORL1, LRP12, Alzheimer's disease, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, hippocampal neurons, HIV neuropathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cholesterol, Cocaine, Disease Models, Animal, Hippocampus, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Mice, Transgenic, Neurons, HIV-1, AIDS Dementia Complex, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Computational Biology, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Gene Expression Profiling, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Rats, Biosynthetic Pathways, tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Primary Cell Culture
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