Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Promotes the Expression of Genes Encoding Electron Transport Chain Proteins and Stimulates Oxidative Phosphorylation in Primary Human Trophoblast Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis
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Trophoblast oxidative phosphorylation provides energy for active transport and protein synthesis, which are critical placental functions influencing fetal growth and long-term health. The molecular mechanisms regulating trophoblast mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are largely unknown. We hypothesized that mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) is a positive regulator of key genes encoding Electron Transport Chain (ETC) proteins and stimulates oxidative phosphorylation in trophoblast and that ETC protein expression is down-regulated in placentas of infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We silenced raptor (mTORC1 inhibition), rictor (mTORC2 inhibition) or DEPTOR (mTORC1/2 activation) in cultured term primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. mTORC1 inhibition caused a coordinated down-regulation of 18 genes encoding ETC proteins representing all ETC complexes. Inhibition of mTORC1, but not mTORC2, decreased protein expression of ETC complexes I–IV, mitochondrial basal, ATP coupled and maximal respiration, reserve capacity and proton leak, whereas activation of mTORC1 had the opposite effects. Moreover, placental protein expression of ETC complexes was decreased and positively correlated to mTOR signaling activity in IUGR. By controlling trophoblast ATP production, mTORC1 links nutrient and O 2 availability and growth factor signaling to placental function and fetal growth. Reduced placental mTOR activity may impair mitochondrial respiration and contribute to placental insufficiency in IUGR pregnancies.
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A number of studies have demonstrated important roles of both AKT and mTOR in up-regulating glycolysis and respiration in various tissues.
“In turn, a number of studies have demonstrated the important roles of both AKT and mTOR in up-regulating glycolysis and respiration in various tissues [54,55,56,57,58].”
From 20-Hydroxyecdysone Boosts Energy Production and Biosynthetic Processes in Non-Transformed Mouse Cells (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Rosario, F. J., Gupta, M. B., Myatt, L., Powell, T. L., Glenn, J. P., Cox, L., & Jansson, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Western University (CA)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosario, Fredrick J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-01-22
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 246-246
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6343003
- OpenAlex
- W2914253295
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 11.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD68370)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- mTORC1, mTORC2, DEPTOR, trophoblast, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, fetal growth restriction, placental insufficiency, mitochondrial respiration, raptors, Rictor, placenta, fetal growth
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2, Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein, Adult, Organelle Biogenesis, Cells, Cultured, Electron Transport, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Humans, Mitochondria, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Placental Insufficiency, Pregnancy, Trophoblasts, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, RNA Interference, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Young Adult, Primary Cell Culture
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