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Face perception influences the programming of eye movements.
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Previous studies have shown that face stimuli elicit extremely fast and involuntary saccadic responses toward them, relative to other categories of visual stimuli. In the present study, we further investigated to what extent face stimuli influence the programming and execution of saccades examining their amplitude. We performed two experiments using a saccadic choice task: two images (one with a face, one with a vehicle) were simultaneously displayed in the left and right visual fields of participants who had to initiate a saccade toward the image (Experiment 1) or toward a cross in the image (Experiment 2) containing a target stimulus (a face or a vehicle). Results revealed shorter saccades toward vehicle than face targets, even if participants were explicitly asked to perform their saccades toward a specific location (Experiment 2). Furthermore, error saccades had smaller amplitude than correct saccades. Further analyses showed that error saccades were interrupted in mid-flight to initiate a concurrently-programmed corrective saccade. Overall, these data suggest that the content of visual stimuli can influence the programming of saccade amplitude, and that efficient online correction of saccades can be performed during the saccadic choice task.
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A competition between conscious and unconscious mechanisms is the predicted result, with evidence from different timescales of gaze shifts during visual search of faces.
“A competition between mechanisms is the predicted result, evidence for which comes from the different timescales of gaze shifts during visual search of faces (Kauffman et al., 2019; Taylor et al., 2024)”
From The function(s) of consciousness revisited: insights from a modular/constitutive model using vision as a test case (2026) · cites this paper as Kauffman et al., 2019
The General Discussion (no page supplied) describes competing saccade programs in a face-versus-vehicle choice task. It also reports that corrective gaze shifts occurred after a much shorter delay than initial saccades, supporting the timescale point. The paper does not characterize the competing programs as conscious versus unconscious mechanisms, and its experiment was a two-image choice task rather than visual search of faces. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Lacalli, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1829430
Metadata
- Authors
- Kauffmann, L., Peyrin, C., Chauvin, A., Entzmann, L., Breuil, C., & Guyader, N.
- Affiliations
- Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Kauffmann, Louise
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-01-24
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 560-560
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6346063
- OpenAlex
- W2913960384
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-15-IDEX-02, ANR-11-LABX-0025-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- face perception, saccades, saccade amplitude, saccade programming, corrective saccades, visual attention, face advantage
- MeSH terms
- Facial Recognition, Data Accuracy, Adult, Face, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Saccades, Visual Fields, Motor Vehicles, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers
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