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Advances and prospects of cell-penetrating peptides in tumor immunotherapy

Yang, Di, Liu, Baorui, Sha, Huizi·2025·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-86130-8PMC PMC11772771
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Fig. 1 iRGD, a cell-penetrating peptide, can bind to various ligands. Its ligands range from small drug molecules such as dox to large molecules such as antibodies, to nanoparticles and even immune cells. The application of CPPs has deep exploration potential.
Fig. 1 iRGD, a cell-penetrating peptide, can bind to various ligands. Its ligands range from small drug molecules such as dox to large molecules such as antibodies, to nanoparticles and even immune cells. The application of CPPs has deep exploration potential.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Mechanism of CPP penetrating cell membranes.
Fig. 2 Mechanism of CPP penetrating cell membranes.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 This figure shows the common circulation pathways of the immune response. Vaccines containing CPPs affect immune circuits in a variety of ways.
Fig. 3 This figure shows the common circulation pathways of the immune response. Vaccines containing CPPs affect immune circuits in a variety of ways.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Several common methods to increase CPP stability. For example, the peptide is modified by N-terminal or C-terminal, stereochemitry changes, cyclization, pegylation, and so on.
Fig. 4 Several common methods to increase CPP stability. For example, the peptide is modified by N-terminal or C-terminal, stereochemitry changes, cyclization, pegylation, and so on.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Yang, D., Liu, B., & Sha, H.
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2025-01-27
Volume
15
Issue
1
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-86130-8
PMC
PMC11772771
Cited by
31
References
2
Language
en
Licence

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