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The problem with growing corporate concentration and power in the global food system
Abstract
What are the potential consequences when a relatively small number of large firms come to dominate markets within the global food system? This Perspective examines the implications of corporate concentration and power in the global seed and agrochemical industry, a sector that has become more consolidated in recent years. It outlines the pathways via which concentrated firms in this sector have the potential to exert power in food systems more broadly-both directly and indirectly-in ways that matter for food system outcomes. Specifically, concentrated firms can shape markets, shape technology and innovation agendas, and shape policy and governance frameworks. This Perspective makes the case that a range of measures are needed to ensure that corporate concentration and power do not undermine key goals for food systems, such as equitable livelihoods, sustainability and broad-based participation in food system governance. These include measures to strengthen competition policies, to bolster public sector support for diverse food systems, and to curb corporate influence in the policy process.
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“A growing body of research documents a high degree of corporate concentration all along global agrifood supply chains (e.g., ETC Group 2022; Clapp 2021; IPES-Food 2017; Hendrickson et al. 2020; Howard 2016; Deconinck 2021; Crespi and MacDonald 2022; Sexton and Xia 2018; Slater et al. 2024).”
From Corporate concentration and power matter for agency in food systems (2025) · cites this paper as Clapp 2021
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“farmers' decisions to adopt GM crops hinge on the expected profits of adoption and the associated risks ( 31 ), the availability of the technology and its alternatives, marketing exposure ( 32 ) and farm characteristics including farm size and farmer education level ( 33 ).”
From Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
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Xu, B., Tian, H., Pan, S., Li, X., Meng, R., Melo, Ó., McDonald, A., Picone, M. D. L. Á., Song, X., Severnini, E., et al. (2025) · Earth system science data · doi:10.5194/essd-17-6353-2025 · Cited by 1
“…2010; Song et al., 2021) These changes are driven by a combination of trade dynamics, investment flows, and market concentration (Boyd, 2023; Clapp, 2021) As a result, the transformation of crop types has occurred, weakening the resilience of agroecosystems and contributing to biodiversity…”
Dos modelos de especialización ganadera en el último siglo: el Vallès Oriental, 1920-2020
Planas, J., & Tello, E. (2025) · Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural · doi:10.26882/histagrar.097e07p
Fahrudin, F. I. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_828-1
Blekking, J. P., Aassouli, D., & Jureidini, R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26757265
Blekking, J. P., Aassouli, D., & Jureidini, R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26757262
Blekking, J. P., Aassouli, D., & Jureidini, R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26757268
Under the Gun: Military and Paramilitary Actors in Sudan’s Agrifood System
Resnick, D., Abushama, H., Ahmed, M. O. M., Kirui, O. K., & Siddig, K. (2026) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2025.2601585
“Even as the presence of power asymmetries in the agrifood system have become more prominent (Clapp, 2021) and value chain research has given more attention to political economy (Alford & Phillips, 2018), the nuanced role of armed actors in these processes has remained overlooked in both scholarship…”
Policy principles for sustainable and just land systems
Garrett, R. D., Meyfroidt, P., de Bremond, A., Wartenberg, A. C., Barbieri, L., Fernández‐Llamazares, Á., Acheampong, E., Addoah, T., Adeleye, M., Alexander, P., et al. (2025) · Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) · doi:10.13016/m2gb2f-q12z
Bingül, B. A. (2025) · Maliye Finans Yazıları · doi:10.33203/mfy.1835616
“Aynı şekilde, tarımsal istihdamın azalması ve arazi dağılımındaki değişimler kırsal eşitsizlikleri derinleştirirken; değer zincirlerinin karmaşıklığı ve büyük şirketlerin artan piyasa gücü adalet ve fayda dağılımı konusunda soru işaretleri doğurmaktadır (Clapp, 2021; Baker vd., 2021).”
Using spatial data to identify food accessibility in large African cities
Blekking, J. P., Waldman, K. B., Hemerijckx, L., & Kaputula, M. (2026) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107298
Bearing the costs of a climate-safe food transition
Mehrabi, Z. (2026) · Nature Food · doi:10.1038/s43016-025-01288-8
Power relations and challenges for organic soy and sustainability transitions in Paraná, Brazil
Cintrão, R. P., Trivilin, M. I., Sigrist, M., Thom, B., Malembaka, R. B., & Jacobi, J. (2026) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2025.2595445
“Clapp (2021) observes that power concentration in the hands of seed and agrochemical companies has led to technological innovation paths that maintain farmers’ dependence and favour relatively high-cost technologies.”
Influential‘. . . All Stakeholders Are Equally Unhappy’: The politics of frame consensus
Döbbe, F., & Nyberg, D. (2026) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/01708406261418181 · Cited by 1
“…fertilizer use and the livestock sector drive biodiversity loss and climate change (IPCC, 2019; Rosenzweig et al., 2020); and, global food value chains are increasingly concentrated and dominated by a few corporations (Clapp, 2021), often featuring poor working conditions (Böhm et al., 2020).”
Lollini, N. (2026) · Food Culture & Society · doi:10.1080/15528014.2026.2622252
Reimagining health with food sovereignty and critical agrarian studies
Camacho-Benavides, C. I., Navas, G., Batool, F., Lezica, L. R., Gyapong, A. Y., & Karimasari, N. (2026) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2026.2617438
The making and unmaking of the Bacillus thuringiensis cotton assemblage in South Punjab, Pakistan
Zuberi, M., Spies, M., & Nielsen, J. Ø. (2026) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2026.104578
Metadata
- Authors
- Clapp, J.
- ORCID
- Clapp, Jennifer
- Venue
- Nature Food
- Published
- 2021-06-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 404-408
- ISSN
- 2662-1355 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3170531652
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 81 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 17
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Food (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Gouvernement du Canada | Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (435-2020-0664)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Development › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Keywords
- business concentration, market power, global food system, seed industry, agrochemical industry, industry consolidation, competition policy, food governance, corporate influence on policy, innovation agenda, sustainability
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