Viruses of sulfur oxidizing phototrophs encode genes for pigment, carbon, and sulfur metabolisms
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Abstract
Viral infections modulate bacterial metabolism and ecology. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that viruses influence the ecology of purple and green sulfur bacteria in anoxic and sulfidic lakes, analogs of euxinic oceans in the geologic past. By screening metagenomes from lake sediments and water column, in addition to publicly-available genomes of cultured purple and green sulfur bacteria, we identified almost 300 high and medium-quality viral genomes. Viruses carrying the gene psbA , encoding the small subunit of photosystem II protein D1, were ubiquitous, suggesting viral interference with the light reactions of sulfur oxidizing autotrophs. Viruses predicted to infect these autotrophs also encoded auxiliary metabolic genes for reductive sulfur assimilation as cysteine, pigment production, and carbon fixation. These observations show that viruses have the genomic potential to modulate the production of metabolic markers of phototrophic sulfur bacteria that are used to identify photic zone euxinia in the geologic past.
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
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- Authors
- Hesketh-Best, P. J., Bosco-Santos, A., Garcia, S. L., O’Beirne, M. D., Werne, J. P., Gilhooly, W. P., & Silveira, C. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Silveira, Cynthia B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Communications Earth & Environment
- Published
- 2023-04-19
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 126-126
- ISSN
- 2662-4435 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11041744
- OpenAlex
- W4366393622
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Communications Earth & Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC23K0676)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Keywords
- virome, purple sulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, psbA, photosystem II, auxiliary metabolic genes, cysteine biosynthesis, pigment synthesis, CO2 fixation, viral interference, euxinia, lake sediments, viral ecology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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