The DOI matches its Crossref record; 385 of the 385 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean?
Open accessAbstract
Free radicals and other reactive species (RS) are thought to play an important role in many human diseases. Establishing their precise role requires the ability to measure them and the oxidative damage that they cause. This article first reviews what is meant by the terms free radical, RS, antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxidative stress. It then critically examines methods used to trap RS, including spin trapping and aromatic hydroxylation, with a particular emphasis on those methods applicable to human studies. Methods used to measure oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins and methods used to detect RS in cell culture, especially the various fluorescent "probes" of RS, are also critically reviewed. The emphasis throughout is on the caution that is needed in applying these methods in view of possible errors and artifacts in interpreting the results.
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“Unfortunately, many of the assays in the sports science literature merely serve to create confusion as they are fundamentally ill suited to deciphering whether a compound with antioxidant activity is actually acting as an antioxidant.”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [156]
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Cites
The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay
Benzie, I. F. F., & Strain, J. (1996) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0292 · Cited by 23,027
Free radicals in biology and medicine
Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1991) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(91)90478-o · Cited by 17,178
Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications
Brownlee, M. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414813a · Cited by 9,107
Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine
Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (2015) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717478.001.0001 · Cited by 8,990
Self-citationMeister, A., & Anderson, M. E. (1983) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.003431 · Cited by 5,694
Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly
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Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants
Sies, H. (1997) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004024 · Cited by 4,577
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The Pecking Order of Free Radicals and Antioxidants: Lipid Peroxidation, α-Tocopherol, and Ascorbate
Buettner, G. R. (1993) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1074 · Cited by 2,417 · cited 2×
“…caused by the RS. British Journal of Pharmacology vol 142 (2) Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) reacts with a wide range of free radicals and other RS (Buettner, 1993; Halliwell, 1999c) and one of its oxidation products, semidehydroascorbate radical, can easily be detected by ESR (Buettner &…”
BackgroundMethodWISEMAN, H., & HALLIWELL, B. (1996) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3130017 · Cited by 2,345
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Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now?
Halliwell, B. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03907.x · Cited by 2,614
Self-citationReactive Species and Antioxidants. Redox Biology Is a Fundamental Theme of Aerobic Life
Halliwell, B. B. (2006) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.106.077073 · Cited by 2,402
Self-citationFluorescence probes used for detection of reactive oxygen species
Gomes, A., Fernandes, E., & Lima, J. L. F. C. (2005) · Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jbbm.2005.10.003 · Cited by 1,844
Oxidative Stress, Prooxidants, and Antioxidants: The Interplay
Rahal, A., Kumar, A., Singh, V., Yadav, B., Tiwari, R., Chakraborty, S., & Dhama, K. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/761264 · Cited by 1,806
Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Human Disease
Dalle-Donne, I., Rossi, R., Colombo, R., Giustarini, D., & Milzani, A. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.061408 · Cited by 1,703
Metadata
- Authors
- Halliwell, B., & Whiteman, M.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-255
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- PMC
- PMC1574951
- OpenAlex
- W1977913875
- Cited by
- 2,238
- References
- 385
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 129 · 2014: 134 · 2013: 141 · 2012: 134
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Keywords
- reactive species, free radicals, oxidative stress, oxidative damage, antioxidants, spin trapping, aromatic hydroxylation, fluorescent probes, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, in vivo measurement, cell culture, measurement artifacts
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Cell Culture Techniques
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