Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Human Disease
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrosative stress, a pervasive condition of increased amounts of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, is now recognized to be a prominent feature of many acute and chronic diseases and even of the normal aging process. However, definitive evidence for this association has often been lacking because of recognized shortcomings with biomarkers and/or methods available to assess oxidative stress status in humans. Emphasis is now being placed on biomarkers of oxidative stress, which are objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic intervention. To be a predictor of disease, a biomarker must be validated. Validation criteria include intrinsic qualities such as specificity, sensitivity, degree of inter- and intraindividual variability, and knowledge of the confounding and modifying factors. In addition, characteristics of the sampling and analytical procedures are of relevance, including constraints and noninvasiveness of sampling, stability of potential biomarkers, and the simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and speed of the analytical method. Here we discuss some of the more commonly used biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative damage and include selected examples of human studies.
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Oxidation of proteins occurs simultaneously with aging and age-related diseases.
“It has been shown that most of these pathologic conditions increase as a function of age, indicating that oxidation of proteins occurs simultaneously to aging and age-related diseases [[109], [110], [111]].”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [111]
Most of these pathologic conditions increase as a function of age.
“It has been shown that most of these pathologic conditions increase as a function of age, indicating that oxidation of proteins occurs simultaneously to aging and age-related diseases [[109], [110], [111]].”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [111]
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- Authors
- Dalle-Donne, I., Rossi, R., Colombo, R., Giustarini, D., & Milzani, A.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- University of Siena (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Venue
- Clinical Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-04-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 601-623
- ISSN
- 0009-9147 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8561
- OpenAlex
- W2048005287
- Cited by
- 1,703
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 114 · 2012: 116
- FWCI
- 7.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Clinical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, biomarkers, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, biomarker validation, aging, disease prediction, biomarker stability, non-invasive sampling
- MeSH terms
- Disease, DNA Damage, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Biomarkers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Reactive Nitrogen Species
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