Food consumption patterns in Italy: the INN-CA Study 1994-1996
Abstract
Objectives The present study was aimed at surveying the Italian food consumption patterns in the 90s. It represented the second nationwide food intake survey that was carried out by the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN).Design Cross-sectional study.Setting Free-living households.Subjects Sampled subjects: 1147 households randomly selected to be representative of the four main geographical areas (North-West, North-East, Centre, South). Analysed subjects: 1978 individuals out of 2734 initially collected in 15 Collaborative Centres strategically scattered through the national territory.Methods A mixed 7-day based survey technique was applied in order to survey both individual and household consumption. At individual level, food intake was recorded by a self-compiled diary. At household level food data collection was by compilation of a food inventory by the dietician, a purchased/wasted foods diary and a recipes form both compiled by the person responsible for food related activities (decision of purchase, purchase, preparation of meals) in the household. All recorded data were monitored by the dieticians who visited the households participating in the study, at least three times. Household members were interviewed in order to collect socio-demographic, lifestyle and motivational information. Furthermore, field-workers performed the food coding and the input of data by an ad hoc developed software. The survey design allowed an internal quantitative check of food data. Several check steps were centrally performed Results The complex methodology caused the 46.8% response rate and afterwards a reduction of the analysed units (72% of the surveyed individuals). However, the analysed sample provided sufficiently reliable data for outlining the most relevant aspects of dietary patterns in Italy. In order to better interpret the results, controversial aspects are also illustrated and discussed in the text. The disparity analysis found that traditional diversities among Italian regions are still alive. In general, males eat more than females. Analysis according to the age class (children: 1-9 years old; adolescents: 10-17; adults: 18-64; elderly: >64) showed differences especially between the group of children vs all the others, but also in the two groups of young individuals vs adults and the elderly, that could represent clues of an incorrect way of eating.Conclusions Taking into account the different methodology, the comparison with previous results showed changes in the Italian average diet complying with an increasing attention to healthy aspects by large sectors of the population, but also opposite tendencies that should be carefully monitored.Sponsorship Minister delle Politiche Agricole e Forestali (Mi.P.A.F.).
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Since the 1950s, the composition of the Mediterranean diet has changed dramatically, and the quality and quantity of food people eat nowadays in Italy, Greece, and Spain has little to do with the Traditional Mediterranean diet.
“The problem is that since 1950s, the composition of the Mediterranean diet has changed dramatically, and the quality and quantity of food people eat nowadays, for example in Italy, Greece and Spain, has little to do with the Traditional Mediterranean diet (3).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
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BackgroundDanieli, P. P., Serrani, F., Primi, R., Ponzetta, M. P., Ronchi, B., & Amici, A. (2012) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-012-9791-2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Marine biotoxins in shellfish - Domoic acid
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Intake of arsenic and mercury from fish and seafood in a Northern Italy community
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“In Italy, the main pasta producer as well as the country with the highest pasta consumption (51.6 g day 1, Turrini et al. 2001), durum wheat is extensively grown especially in central and southern regions.”
BackgroundInfluentialDietary intake estimated using different methods in two Italian older populations
Bartali, B., Turrini, A., Salvini, S., Lauretani, F., Russo, C. R., Corsi, A. M., Bandinelli, S., D’Amicis, A., Palli, D., Guralnik, J. M., et al. (2003) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(03)00084-0 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
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“Table II showed the results of estimates of the dietary intake of cadmium and mercury when it is assumed that one 26-g portion per week (25 g flesh and 1 g hepatopancreas) is consumed by a 60-kg adult (Buzina et al. 1995; Turrini et al. 2001).”
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Changes in food and nutrient intake of 6- to 17-year-old Germans between the 1980s and 2006
Stahl‐Pehe, A., Vohmann, C., Richter, A., Heseker, H., & Mensink, G. (2009) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980009004844 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Exposure factors resources: contrasting EPA’s Exposure Factors Handbook with international sources
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Consumption of fruit, vegetables, and other food groups and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Polesel, J., Serraino, D., Negri, E., Barzan, L., Vaccher, E., Montella, M., Zucchetto, A., Garavello, W., Franceschi, S., Vecchia, C. L., et al. (2013) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0195-z · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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Diet and nutrients are contributing factors that influence blood cadmium levels
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“9k [53,54].”
Occurrence of patulin and its dietary intake through pear, peach, and apricot juices in Italy
Spadaro, D., Garibaldi, A., & Gullino, M. L. (2008) · Food Additives and Contaminants Part B · doi:10.1080/02652030802363790 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“By considering (Turrini et al. 2001) that the mean daily consumption of fruit juices in Italy is 21.0 g, and that only 29.8% of the population consume fruit juices (70.5 g day–1), the intake of patulin was calculated in four different scenarios, where the fruit juice consumed was only apricot, or…”
BackgroundInfluentialNesbitt, A., Majowicz, S. E., Finley, R. L., Pollari, F., Pintar, K. D. M., Marshall, B. J., Cook, A., Sargeant, J. M., Wilson, J. B., Ribble, C. S., et al. (2008) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-370 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Cavelaars, A. E. J. M., Doets, E. L., Dhonukshe-Rutten, R. A. M., Hermoso, M., Fairweather‐Tait, S. J., Koletzko, B. V., Gurinović, M. A., Moreno, L. A., Cetin, I., Matthys, C., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.57 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…for population groups aged 4–10, 11–17 and 18þ years (Anonymous, 1998; Gregory et al., 2000; Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance, 2001, 2006; Turrini et al., 2001; Serra-Majem and Aranceta, 2001–2006; Henderson et al., 2002; Mensink et al., 2002; Männistö et al., 2003; Szponar et al.,…”
BackgroundAlexander, J., Benford, D., Cockburn, A., Cravedi, J., Eugenia Dogliotti, Y., Domenico, A. D., Fernández‐Cruz, M. L., Fink‐Gremmels, J., Fürst, P., Galli, C. L., et al. (2009) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Turrini, A., Saba, A., Perrone, D., Cialfa, E., & D'Amicis, A.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Turrini, A
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2001-07-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 571-588
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W1976491356
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 10.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- food consumption patterns, dietary habits, Italian diet, household food consumption, regional dietary differences, children's diet, healthy eating trends, food waste, recipes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Energy Intake, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires
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