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Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequency and temporal distribution

Bertéus Forslund, H, Lindroos, AK, Sjöström, L, Lissner, L·2002·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Abstract

Objective To characterize meal patterns in relation to obesity in Swedish women using a simple instrument describing meal frequency, meal types and temporal distribution.Design Cross-sectional parallel group design.Subjects Eighty-three obese women from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study were compared with 94 reference women, randomly recruited from the population.Method A new, simplified and self-instructing questionnaire was used to assess meal patterns. Usual meal pattern was reported as time and meal type for each intake episode during a typical day.Results The obese women consumed 6.1 meals/day compared with 5.2 meals/day among the reference women (P<0.0001). All types of meals except 'drink meals' were significantly more frequently consumed in the obese group. The obese women also displayed a different meal pattern across the day, consuming a larger number of meals later in the day. As a result a larger fraction of each obese woman's total meals were consumed in the afternoon and in the evening/night. There was no difference in the number of obese vs reference women consuming breakfast. Snack meals were positively associated with total energy intake in both groups.Conclusions A new simplified method assessing meal pattern revealed that the number of reported intake occasions across a usual day was higher in obese women compared with controls and the timing was shifted to later in the day. These findings should be considered in the treatment of obesity.

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Authors: Bertéus Forslund, H., Lindroos, A., Sjöström, L., & Lissner, L.
Affiliations: Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
Nordic School of Public Health (SE)
Corresponding author: Lindroos, AK
ORCID: Lissner, L
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2002-07-19
Volume: 56
Issue: 8
Pages: 740-747
ISSN: 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
1476-5640
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601387
OpenAlex: W2028274580
Cited by: 210
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 4.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: meal patterns, obesity, women, meal frequency, meal type, breakfast, total energy intake, questionnaire development, Swedish Obese Subjects study
MeSH terms: Adult, Energy Intake, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food Preferences, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden, Time Factors

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Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequency and temporal distribution

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