Evening eating and subsequent long‐term weight change in a national cohort
Abstract
Objective To examine the association of proportion of daily energy consumed in the evening with weight change over 10 y of follow-up.Design The data used were from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, 1971-75) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS, 1982-84). The analytic cohort included 2580 men and 4567 women aged 25-74 y at baseline (NHANES I, 1971-75). The proportion of energy consumed in the evening (after 5 pm) was estimated from a 24 h dietary recall obtained a baseline. Weight change was defined as the difference between the follow-up and baseline weights.Results Mean +/- s.e. of percent energy from evening food intake was 46 +/- 0.29 in the analytic cohort. After adjustment for multiple covariates, percent energy from evening food intake and weight change were unrelated in both men and women.Conclusion Extent of evening eating was not a significant predictor of 10 y weight change in the NHEFS cohort.
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A recent meta-analysis showed that family meal frequency contributes to more healthy eating among children and adolescents.
“A recent meta-analysis showed that family meal frequency contributes to more healthy eating among children and adolescents (74) , with positive associations between family meals and adolescent dietary intake including fruit and vegetables consumption, dairy consumption and less consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (75) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [74]
Time-of-day definitions were also common, as well as a combination of two definitions.
“Time-of-day definitions were also common( 35 , 36 , 64 , 67 , 72 , 76 ) as well as a combination of two definitions (for example, self-identified and time-of-day, or time-of-day and type/combination of foods eaten)( 30 , 65 , 68 , 73 , 81 ).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [76]
In these studies, the proportion of energy intake consumed in the evening was positively associated with overall energy intake.
“In these studies, the proportion of EI consumed in the evening was positively associated with overall EI( 76 , 79 , 84 ).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Kant, A., Schatzkin, A., & Ballard-Barbash, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 407-412
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2042548473
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- meal timing, weight change, energy intake, dietary habits, NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Diet Records
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