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Energy intake and appetite are suppressed by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese men.
Abstract
Background Peripheral administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) for four hours, to normal weight and obese humans, decreases food intake and suppresses appetite.Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an eight hour infusion of GLP-1 on appetite and energy intake at lunch and dinner in obese subjects.Design Randomised, blinded cross-over design with intravenous infusion of GLP-1 (0.75 pmol x kg(-1) min(-1)) or saline.Subjects Eight obese (body mass index, BMI, 45.5 +/- 2.3 kg/m2) male subjects.Measurements Ad libitum energy intake at lunch (12.00 h) and dinner (16.00 h) after an energy fixed breakfast (2.4 MJ) at 08.00 h. Appetite sensations using visual analogue scales, (VAS) immediately before and after meals and hourly in-between. Blood samples for the analysis of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1 and peptide YY. Gastric emptying after breakfast and lunch using a paracetamol absorption technique.Results Hunger ratings were significantly lower with GLP-1 infusion. The summed ad libitum energy intake at lunch and dinner was reduced by 1.7 +/- 0.5 MJ (21 +/- 6%) by GLP-1 infusion (P = 0.01). Gastric emptying was delayed by GLP-1 infusion, and plasma glucose concentrations decreased (baseline: 6.6 +/- 0.35 mmol/L; nadir: 5.3 +/- 0.15 mmol/L). No nausea was recorded during GLP-1 infusion.Conclusions Our results demonstrate that GLP-1 decreases feelings of hunger and reduces energy intake in obese humans. One possible mechanism for this finding might be an increased satiety primarily mediated by gastric vagal afferent signals.
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“These agents promote glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, and delay gastric emptying,29 thereby attenuating postprandial glucose excursions.30”
From Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
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Devitt, A. A., Oliver, J. S., Hegazi, R. A. F., & Mustad, V. A. (2012) · journal of Diabetes Research and Clinical Metabolism · doi:10.7243/2050-0866-1-20 · Cited by 12
Neural and Hormonal Controls of Food Intake and Satiety
Moran, T. H. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088394-3/50037-4 · Cited by 12
Incretin-based therapy: a new horizon in diabetes management
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Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Links Ingestion, Homeostasis, and the Heart
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Liu, S., Liu, R., Chiang, Y., Song, L., Li, X., Jin, T., & Wang, Q. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2011 · Cited by 11
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Development of innovative tools for investigation of nutrient-gut interaction
Huang, W., Xie, C., Young, R. L., Zhao, J., Ebendorff‐Heidepriem, H., Jones, K. L., Rayner, C. K., & Wu, T. (2020) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i25.3562 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Näslund, E., Barkeling, B., King, N., Gutniak, M., Blundell, J., Holst, J., Rössner, S., & Hellström, P.
- Affiliations
- Danderyds sjukhus (SE)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 304-311
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2005334239
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 4.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- glucagon-like peptide-1, appetite, energy intake, obesity, hunger, gastric emptying, satiety, peptide YY, insulin, glucose, intravenous infusion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Appetite, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Energy Intake, Double-Blind Method, Eating, Gastric Emptying, Glucagon, Humans, Hunger, Infusions, Intravenous, Insulin, Male, Obesity, Peptide Fragments, Protein Precursors, Body Mass Index, Cross-Over Studies, Peptide YY, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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