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Cited by 632Smoking Behavior and CessationPrenatal Substance Exposure EffectsObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

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Oken, E, Levitan, E B, Gillman, M W·2008·International Journal of Obesity
DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803760PMC PMC2586944
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Abstract

Objective Perform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between maternal prenatal cigarette smoking and child overweight. Design Meta-analysis of observational studies. Data sources Medline search and review of reference lists among studies published through June 2006. Review methods Included studies reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of overweight among children at least 2 years of age. We did not include in the meta-analysis studies that provided only a continuous measure of adiposity, although those studies are discussed separately. Results Based on results of 84 563 children reported in 14 observational studies, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were at elevated risk for overweight (pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) at ages 3-33 years, compared with children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The pooled estimate from unadjusted odds ratios (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.69) was similar to the adjusted estimate, suggesting that sociodemographic and behavioral differences between smokers and nonsmokers did not explain the observed association. Although we observed evidence for publication bias, simulating a symmetric set of studies yielded a similar estimate (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.55). Conclusions Prenatal smoking exposure appears to increase rates of overweight in childhood. In parts of the world undergoing the epidemiologic transition, the continuing increase in smoking among young women could contribute to spiraling increases in rates of obesity-related health outcomes in the 21st century.

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  • The pooled unadjusted odds ratio (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.6) was similar to the adjusted estimate, indicating that behavioral and social differences between smokers and nonsmokers are not likely to account for the observed differences in obesity risk.

    “Moreover, when assessing the polled estimate from the unadjusted odds ratios (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.6), the risk was like the adjusted estimate and indicates that behavioral and social differences between smokers and nonsmokers are not likely to account for the observed differences in one’s risk for obesity [145].”

    From Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits (2023) · cites this paper as [145]

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis including 14 observational studies (n=84,563 children) found that children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were at an elevated risk for being overweight at ages 3-33 years (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) compared to children whose mothers did not smoke.

    “A systematic review and meta-analysis including 14 observation studies (n = 84,563 children), for example, found that children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were at an elevated risk for being overweight at ages 3–33 years (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) when compared against children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy [145].”

    From Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits (2023) · cites this paper as [145]

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Authors
Oken, E., Levitan, E. B., & Gillman, M. W.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Oken, E
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Obesity
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-11-27
Volume
32
Issue
2
Pages
201-210
ISSN
  • 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5497
DOI
10.1038/sj.ijo.0803760
PMC
PMC2586944
OpenAlex
W2040251056
Cited by
632
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 48
FWCI
1.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (5t32hl007374-41)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32‐HL007374, K24HL068041, HL 64925, HL-68041, HL07374, R01HL064925)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK040561)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23HD044807, HD44807, R37HD034568, HD34568, R01HD034568)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
smoking during pregnancy, childhood overweight, childhood obesity, maternal smoking, childhood adiposity, epidemiological transition
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Smoking, Odds Ratio, Maternal Exposure, Overweight

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