Differential Effects of Antidepressants on Glucocorticoid Receptors in Human Primary Blood Cells and Human Monocytic U-937 Cells
Abstract
A number of data support the assumption that antidepressants (ADs) normalize the altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder via direct effects on glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). In the present study, we examined the tricyclic ADs desipramine (DESI) and imipramine (IMI), the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor maprotiline (MAPRO), and the noradrenergic and specific serotonergic AD (NaSSA) mirtazapine (MIR) for their effects on GR expression in primary human leukocytes and in monocytic U-937 cells. Semiquantitative RT-PCR indicated that the ADs exert differential effects on GR-mRNA levels in both primary human leukocytes and U-937 cells: whereas MAPRO and IMI did not induce pronounced changes in GR-mRNA levels, DESI and MIR significantly decreased the amounts of GR-mRNA in both cell systems. Further characterization of the effects of MIR revealed a time dependency of the regulation with an initial increase of GR-mRNA levels above control levels after 2.5 h of treatment and a decrease after 4, 24, and 48 h of incubation. A dose-response analysis demonstrated maximal effects of MIR at a concentration of 10(-7) M. Immunohistochemical studies showed that MIR increased the GR protein levels in a time-dependent manner and that this upregulation appeared earlier by additional treatment with dexamethasone (DEX). A translocation of the GR protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was induced between 24 and 48 h of treatment with MIR and MIR/DEX, respectively. Taken together, our data further support the assumption that ADs influence the neuroendocrine and immune system via effects on cellular GRs.
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The decrease in GR expression by sertraline is in line with reports from literature in cell culture and animal studies.
“This is in line with reports from the literature in both cell culture and animal studies,23, 51, 61”
From Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor (2011) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Heiske, A., Jesberg, J., Krieg, J.-C., & Vedder, H.
- Affiliations
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Heiske, Andreas
- ORCID
- Vedder, Helmut
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2002-09-06
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 807-817
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2058026758
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 297)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- antidepressants, glucocorticoid receptor, mirtazapine, desipramine, imipramine, maprotiline, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, depression, dexamethasone, U937 cells, neuroendocrine-immune interaction
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Blood Cells, Cell Line, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Monocytes, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, RNA, Messenger
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