Interleukin-1 beta: a putative mediator of HPA axis hyperactivity in major depression?
Abstract
Objective There is extensive evidence that major depression, and particularly melancholia, is characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity as well as systemic immune activation, which may be accompanied by increased interleukin-1 beta production. Interleukin-1 beta is known to enhance HPA axis activity during an immune response. This study investigated whether interleukin-1 beta production is related to HPA axis activity in depressed subjects. Method The subjects were 28 inpatients with major or minor depression and 10 normal comparison subjects. The authors measured 1) the subjects' cortisol levels after an overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and 2) mitogen-stimulated supernatant interleukin-1 beta production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results Statistically significant positive correlations between interleukin-1 beta production and post-DST cortisol values were found in the study group as a whole and in the depressed and normal subgroups separately. Conclusions It is suggested that constituents of the immune response (such as interleukin-1 beta) in major depression may contribute to HPA axis hyperfunction in that illness.
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One of the earliest studies showed a significant correlation between post-DEX concentrations of cortisol and the production of IL-1 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
“one of the earliest studies in this regard showed a significant correlation between post-DEX concentrations of cortisol and the production of IL-1 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.85”
From Cytokines and Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling (2009) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Maes, M. H. J., Bosmans, E., Meltzer, H. Y., Scharpé, S., & Suy, E.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals of Cleveland (US)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1993-08-01
- Volume
- 150
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1189-1193
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W33142977
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH MH-41684, NIMH MH-47808)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00080)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- IL-1β, HPA axis hyperactivity, major depressive disorder, melancholia, cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, immune activation, neuroendocrine-immune interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Dexamethasone, Hospitalization, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Interleukin-1, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes, Middle Aged
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