The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Oncogenes and tumor angiogenesis: the HPV-16 E6 oncoprotein activates the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene promoter in a p53 independent manner
Abstract
Like other types of pre-malignant lesions and carcinoma, angiogenesis is associated with high-grade cervical dysplasia and with invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is known to be one of the most important inducers of angiogenesis and is upregulated in carcinoma of the cervix. Human Papilloma Virus 16 (HPV-16) has been etiologically linked to human cervical cancer, and the major oncogenic proteins encoded by the viral genome, E6 and E7, are involved in the immortalization of target cells. Because several oncogenes including mutant ras, EGF receptor, ErbB2/Her2, c-myc and v-src upregulate VEGF expression, we asked whether HVP-16 E6 oncoprotein could act in a similar fashion. We found that HPV-16 E6-positive cells generally express high levels of VEGF message. Furthermore, co-expression of the VEGF promoter-Luc (luciferase) reporter gene with E6 in both human keratinocytes and mouse fibroblast showed that E6 oncoprotein upregulates VEGF promoter activity, and does so in a p53 independent manner. An E6 responsive region which comprises four Sp-1 sites, between -194 and -50 bp of the VEGF promoter, is also necessary for constitutive VEGF transcription. Taken together, our results suggest the possibility that the HPV oncoprotein E6 may contribute to tumor angiogenesis by direct stimulation of the VEGF gene.
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“VEGF is negatively regulated by p53 through HIF-1α and, as p53 is inactivated by E6, VEGF is induced to promote angiogenesis; however, VEGF can also be activated by p53-independent mechanisms through Sp1 transcription [298]”
From The Not-So-Good, the Bad and the Ugly: HPV E5, E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in the Orchestration of Carcinogenesis (2021) · cites this paper as [298]
Citations
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The human papilloma virus-16 E7-oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product
Dyson, N., Howley, P. M., Münger, K., & Harlow, E. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2537532 · Cited by 3,017 · cited 1×
“These two oncoproteins can physically interact with and functionally disrupt two major cell cycle regulatory proteins, namely p53 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), respectively (Werness et al., 1990; Dyson et al., 1989).”
BackgroundRegulation of Mammalian O 2 Homeostasis by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
Semenza, G. L. (1999) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.551 · Cited by 1,914 · cited 1×
“…may also contribute to the increase in VEGF message by interfering with the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a) (Ravi et al., 2000), a transcription factor involved in the activation of VEGF gene promoter in response to hypoxia (Semenza, 1999).”
BackgroundRegulation of tumor angiogenesis by p53-induced degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
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Cited by
Basukala, O., & Banks, L. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13101892 · Cited by 137
Du, G., Rao, S., Gurbani, D., Henning, N. J., Jiang, J., Che, J., Yang, A., Ficarro, S. B., Marto, J. A., Aguirre, A. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01502 · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- López-Ocejo, O., Viloria-Petit, A., Bequet-Romero, M., Mukhopadhyay, D., Rak, J., & Kerbel, R. S.
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 2000-09-21
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 4611-4620
- ISSN
- 0950-9232
- 1476-5594
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
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