Feeling small: exploring the tactile perception limits
Open accessAbstract
The human finger is exquisitely sensitive in perceiving different materials, but the question remains as to what length scales are capable of being distinguished in active touch. We combine material science with psychophysics to manufacture and haptically explore a series of topographically patterned surfaces of controlled wavelength, but identical chemistry. Strain-induced surface wrinkling and subsequent templating produced 16 surfaces with wrinkle wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to 90 μm and amplitudes between 7 nm and 4.5 μm. Perceived similarities of these surfaces (and two blanks) were pairwise scaled by participants, and interdistances among all stimuli were determined by individual differences scaling (INDSCAL). The tactile space thus generated and its two perceptual dimensions were directly linked to surface physical properties - the finger friction coefficient and the wrinkle wavelength. Finally, the lowest amplitude of the wrinkles so distinguished was approximately 10 nm, demonstrating that human tactile discrimination extends to the nanoscale.
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We can distinguish textured surfaces with spatial periods that differ on the order of hundreds of nanometers, a perceptual feat that is only possible when the skin moves relative to the surface.
“Indeed, we can distinguish textured surfaces with spatial periods that differ on the order of hundreds of nanometers (Skedung et al., 2013), a perceptual feat that is only possible when the skin moves relative to the surface.”
From Biomimetic approaches to bionic touch through a peripheral nerve interface (2015) · cites this paper as Skedung et al., 2013
The Results (page unavailable) report that surfaces with 760 and 870 nm wrinkle periods were distinguished from blank surfaces during active touch. They do not establish that participants distinguished two textured surfaces specifically because their periods differed by hundreds of nanometers. The paper contrasts active touch with static touch without applied vibrations, so its evidence does not establish the claim that skin movement relative to the surface is the only way to achieve this discrimination. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Skedung, L., Arvidsson, M., Chung, J. Y., Stafford, C. M., Berglund, B., & Rutland, M. W.
- Affiliations
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rutland, Mark W.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2013-09-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2617-2617
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3771396
- OpenAlex
- W2106238360
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 6.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- tactile perception, active touch, wrinkle wavelength, surface wrinkling, templating, psychophysics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Fingers, Humans, Surface Properties, Touch, Touch Perception, Young Adult
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