Cited by 629EEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesNeuroscience and Neural EngineeringTactile and Sensory Interactions

Active tactile exploration using a brain–machine–brain interface

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O’Doherty, Joseph E., Lebedev, Mikhail A., Ifft, Peter J., Zhuang, Katie Z., Shokur, Solaiman, Bleuler, Hannes, Nicolelis, Miguel A. L.·2011·Nature

Abstract

Brain-machine interfaces use neuronal activity recorded from the brain to establish direct communication with external actuators, such as prosthetic arms. It is hoped that brain-machine interfaces can be used to restore the normal sensorimotor functions of the limbs, but so far they have lacked tactile sensation. Here we report the operation of a brain-machine-brain interface (BMBI) that both controls the exploratory reaching movements of an actuator and allows signalling of artificial tactile feedback through intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex. Monkeys performed an active exploration task in which an actuator (a computer cursor or a virtual-reality arm) was moved using a BMBI that derived motor commands from neuronal ensemble activity recorded in the primary motor cortex. ICMS feedback occurred whenever the actuator touched virtual objects. Temporal patterns of ICMS encoded the artificial tactile properties of each object. Neuronal recordings and ICMS epochs were temporally multiplexed to avoid interference. Two monkeys operated this BMBI to search for and distinguish one of three visually identical objects, using the virtual-reality arm to identify the unique artificial texture associated with each. These results suggest that clinical motor neuroprostheses might benefit from the addition of ICMS feedback to generate artificial somatic perceptions associated with mechanical, robotic or even virtual prostheses.

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  • Motor intention originates from the primary motor cortex and is transmitted from the central to peripheral nervous system as electrophysiological signals, which are translated into mechanical muscle contractions.

    “Motor intention originates from the primary motor cortex of the brain and is transmitted from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system in the form of electrophysiological signals, which are translated into mechanical contractions of the muscles.[269]”

    From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [269]

    The Abstract reports that the interface derived motor commands from neuronal activity in primary motor cortex (M1). It does not establish that motor intention originates there or describe signals traveling from the central to the peripheral nervous system and producing muscle contractions; the interface instead bypassed the body. No page number is provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • There are two types of BMI systems: one samples neural activity of a single brain and unidirectionally controls an external device; the other (sensory BMI) includes sensory feedback from the device to the brain.

    “There are currently two different types of BMI systems. One type samples the neural activity of a single brain and unidirectionally controls an external device (Lebedev, 2014), while the other type (sensory BMI) includes sensory feedback from the device to the brain (O’Doherty et al., 2011).”

    From Human Brain/Cloud Interface (2019) · cites this paper as O’Doherty et al., 2011

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Authors
O’Doherty, J. E., Lebedev, M. A., Ifft, P. J., Zhuang, K. Z., Shokur, S., Bleuler, H., & Nicolelis, M. A. L.
Affiliations
  • Duke University (US)
  • École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
Corresponding author
Nicolelis, Miguel A. L.
Venue
Nature
Published
2011-10-05
Volume
479
Issue
7372
Pages
228-231
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2037567991
Cited by
629
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 27
FWCI
27.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (DP1OD006798)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (DP1MH099903)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS073125, NS073125)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RC1HD063390)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Keywords
intracortical microstimulation, somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, neural prostheses, reaching movements
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Limbs, Brain, Feedback, Macaca mulatta, Man-Machine Systems, Psychometrics, Reward, Somatosensory Cortex, Touch, User-Computer Interface

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