Hypoconnectivity and Hyperfrontality in Retired American Football Players
Open accessAbstract
Recent research has raised concerns about the long-term neurological consequences of repetitive concussive and sub-concussive injuries in professional players of American Football. Despite this interest, the neural and psychological status of retired players remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the performances and brain activation patterns of retired National Football League players (NFL alumni) relative to controls using an fMRI-optimised neuropsychological test of executive function. Behaviourally, the NFL alumni showed only modest performance deficits on the executive task. By contrast, they showed pronounced hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity of the dorsolateral frontal and frontopolar cortices. Critically, abnormal frontal-lobe function was correlated with the number of times that NFL alumni reported having been removed from play after head injury and was evident in individual players. These results support the hypothesis that NFL alumni have a heightened probability of developing executive dysfunction and suggest that fMRI provides the most sensitive biomarker of the underlying neural abnormality.
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Retired NFL players with only modest behavioral performance deficits on an executive task showed pronounced hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity of the dorsolateral frontal and frontopolar cortices using an fMRI-optimized neuropsychological test of executive function.
“Retired NFL players with only modest behavioral performance deficits on an executive task showed pronounced hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity of the dorsolateral frontal and frontopolar cortices using an fMRI-optimized neuropsycho-logical test of executive function [84].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Hampshire, A., MacDonald, A., & Owen, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hampshire, Adam
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2013-10-17
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2972-2972
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6505675
- OpenAlex
- W1981058545
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- American football, repetitive head injury, concussion, executive dysfunction, hypoconnectivity, frontopolar cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, brain activation patterns, neuropsychological performance, fMRI biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Football, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Brain Injury, Chronic, Young Adult, Athletes, Support Vector Machine, Connectome
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