Cerebellar theta burst stimulation modulates the neural activity of interconnected parietal and motor areas
Open accessAbstract
Voluntary movement control and execution are regulated by the influence of the cerebellar output over different interconnected cortical areas, through dentato-thalamo connections. In the present study we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to directly assess the effects of cerebellar theta-burst stimulation (TBS) over the controlateral primary motor cortex (M1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in a group of healthy volunteers. We found a TBS-dependent bidirectional modulation over TMS-evoked activity; specifically, cTBS increased whereas iTBS decreased activity between 100 and 200 ms after TMS, in a similar manner over both M1 and PPC areas. On the oscillatory domain, TBS induced specific changes over M1 natural frequencies of oscillation: TMS-evoked alpha activity was decreased by cTBS whereas beta activity was enhanced by iTBS. No effects were observed after sham stimulation. Our data provide novel evidence showing that the cerebellum exerts its control on the cortex likely by impinging on specific set of interneurons dependent on GABA-ergic activity. We show that cerebellar TBS modulates cortical excitability of distant interconnected cortical areas by acting through common temporal, spatial and frequency domains.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The possibility that CBM-iTBS has differential effects on distinct cognitive functions aligns with prior studies.
“which aligns with prior studies (Casula et al., 2016; Esterman et al., 2017; Ferrari et al., 2018; Gatti et al., 2021; Lesage et al., 2012; Shinn et al., 2023)”
From A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial of cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation for bipolar disorder: Safety, tolerability, mood and cognitive effects (2025) · cites this paper as Casula et al., 2016
The Results and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) report effects of cerebellar iTBS on neural activity in motor and parietal areas, but do not test distinct cognitive functions. The Discussion says future studies are needed to investigate cerebellar connections during cognitive performance. I searched for differential cognitive effects and cognitive performance in our copy; neither establishes the attributed possibility. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 · Cited by 24,371 · see citing works
Oostenveld, R., Fries, P., Maris, E., & Schoffelen, J.-M. (2011) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2011/156869 · Cited by 10,323 · see citing works
Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data
Maris, E., & Oostenveld, R. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024 · Cited by 8,496 · see citing works
Rossi, S., Hallett, M., Rossini, P. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016 · Cited by 5,367 · see citing works
Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex
Huang, Y.-Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., & Rothwell, J. C. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.033 · Cited by 4,158 · see citing works
Rossini, P. M., Barker, A. T., Berardelli, A., Caramia, M. D., Caruso, G., Cracco, R. Q., Dimitrijević, M. R., Hallett, M., Katayama, Y., Lücking, C. H., et al. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(94)90029-9 · Cited by 3,030 · see citing works
The cerebellum and neural control
Ito, M. (1984) · Cited by 2,314 · see citing works
Reference-free identification of components of checkerboard-evoked multichannel potential fields
Lehmann, D., & Skrandies, W. (1980) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(80)90419-8 · Cited by 1,556 · see citing works
Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep
Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Huber, R., Esser, S. K., Singh, H., & Tononi, G. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1117256 · Cited by 1,534 · see citing works
The thalamus as a neuronal oscillator
Steriade, M., & Deschênes, M. (1984) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(84)90017-1 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Neuronal responses to magnetic stimulation reveal cortical reactivity and connectivity
Ilmoniemi, R. J., Virtanen, J. P., Ruohonen, J., Karhu, J., Aronen, H. J., Näätänen, R., & Katila, T. E. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199711100-00024 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Natural Frequencies of Human Corticothalamic Circuits
Rosanova, M., Casali, A. G., Bellina, V., Resta, F., Mariotti, M., & Massimini, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0445-09.2009 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
An unfolded map of the cerebellar dentate nucleus and its projections to the cerebral cortex
Dum, R. P., & Strick, P. L. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00626.2002 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Techniques and mechanisms of action of transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex
Rothwell, J. C. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(97)02242-5 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
The role of GABAB receptors in intracortical inhibition in the human motor cortex
McDonnell, M. N., Orekhov, Y., & Ziemann, U. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0365-2 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Distributed synergistic plasticity and cerebellar learning
Gao, Z., van Beugen, B. J., & De Zeeuw, C. I. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3312 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Modulation of cerebellar excitability by polarity-specific noninvasive direct current stimulation
Galea, J. M., Jayaram, G., Ajagbe, L., & Celnik, P. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2184-09.2009 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Hoover, J. E., & Strick, P. L. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-04-01446.1999 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Consensus Paper: The Role of the Cerebellum in Perceptual Processes
Baumann, O., Borra, R. J., Bower, J. M., Cullen, K. E., Habas, C., Ivry, R. B., Leggio, M., Mattingley, J. B., Molinari, M., Moulton, E. A., et al. (2015) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-014-0627-7 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Methodology for Combined TMS and EEG
Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Kičić, D. (2009) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-009-0123-4 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
TMS-EEG Signatures of GABAergic Neurotransmission in the Human Cortex
Premoli, I., Castellanos, N. P., Rivolta, D., Belardinelli, P., Bajo, R., Zipser, C. M., Espenhahn, S., Heidegger, T., Müller‐Dahlhaus, F., & Ziemann, U. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5089-13.2014 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Paus, T., Castro‐Alamancos, M. A., & Petrides, M. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01757.x · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Rabies as a transneuronal tracer of circuits in the central nervous system
Kelly, R. M., & Strick, P. L. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00296-x · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Assessing cortical network properties using TMS–EEG
Rogasch, N. C., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22016 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Asanuma, C., Thach, W. T., & Jones, E. G. (1983) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(83)90017-6 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Human brain connectivity during single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
Ferreri, F., Pasqualetti, P., Määttä, S., Ponzo, D., Ferrarelli, F., Tononi, G., Mervaala, E., Miniussi, C., & Rossini, P. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.056 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Long-Interval Cortical Inhibition from the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: a TMS–EEG Study
Daskalakis, Z. J., Farzan, F., Barr, M. S., Maller, J. J., Chen, R. E., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.22 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Koch, G., Fernández‐del‐Olmo, M., Cheeran, B., Ruge, D., Schippling, S., Caltagirone, C., & Rothwell, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0598-07.2007 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS)
Grimaldi, G., Argyropoulos, G. P. D., Bastian, A. J., Cortes, M., Davis, N. J., Edwards, D. J., Ferrucci, R., Fregni, F., Galea, J. M., Hamada, M., et al. (2014) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858414559409 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Cerebellar magnetic stimulation decreases levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson disease
Koch, G., Brusa, L., Carrillo, F., Gerfo, E. L., Torriero, S., Oliveri, M., Mir, P., Caltagirone, C., & Stanzione, P. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181ad5387 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationKoch, G., Mori, F., Marconi, B., Codecà, C., Pecchioli, C., Salerno, S., Torriero, S., Gerfo, E. L., Mir, P., Oliveri, M., et al. (2008) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2008.08.008 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationPellicciari, M. C., Brignani, D., & Miniussi, C. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.076 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationPremoli, I., Rivolta, D., Espenhahn, S., Castellanos, N. P., Belardinelli, P., Ziemann, U., & Müller‐Dahlhaus, F. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.028 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Role of the Cerebellum in Externally Paced Rhythmic Finger Movements
Fernández‐del‐Olmo, M., Cheeran, B., Koch, G., & Rothwell, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01088.2006 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Two Weeks of Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation in Cervical Dystonia Patients
Koch, G., Porcacchia, P., Ponzo, V., Carrillo, F., Cáceres‐Redondo, M. T., Brusa, L., Desiato, M. T., Arciprete, F., Lorenzo, F. D., Pisani, A., et al. (2014) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.05.002 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationOliveri, M., Koch, G., Torriero, S., & Caltagirone, C. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.053 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationPaired Associative Stimulation Enforces the Communication between Interconnected Areas
Veniero, D., Ponzo, V., & Koch, G. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1777-13.2013 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationCasula, E. P., Tarantino, V., Basso, D., Arcara, G., Marino, G., TOFFOLO, G. M., Rothwell, J. C., & Bisiacchi, P. S. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.065 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Organization of Plasticity in the Cerebellar Cortex: From Synapses to Control
D'Angelo, E. U. (2014) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63356-9.00002-9 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Rocchi, L., Casula, E. P., Tocco, P., Berardelli, A., & Rothwell, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2008-15.2016 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationSpike-timing-dependent plasticity in the human dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex
Casula, E. P., Pellicciari, M. C., Picazio, S., Caltagirone, C., & Koch, G. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.060 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebellar theta burst stimulation in stroke patients with ataxia
Bonn�, S. (2014) · Functional Neurology · doi:10.11138/fneur/2014.29.1.041 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a tool for human cerebellar plasticity.
Koch, G. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationHarrington, A., & Hammond-Tooke, G. D. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141284 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cortical Inhibition in Motor and Non-Motor Regions: A Combined TMS-EEG Study
Fitzgerald, P. B., Daskalakis, Z. J., Hoy, K. E., Farzan, F., Upton, D. J., Cooper, N. R., & Maller, J. J. (2008) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/155005940803900304 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effects of alcohol on TMS-evoked N100 responses
Kähkönen, S., & Wilenius, J. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.06.030 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Subthalamic stimulation and levodopa modulate cortical reactivity in Parkinson's patients
Casula, E. P., Bassi, M. S., Pellicciari, M. C., Ponzo, V., Veniero, D., Peppe, A., Brusa, L., Stanzione, P., Caltagirone, C., Stefani, A., et al. (2016) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.10.009 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationTime range analysis of evoked potential fields
Skrandies, W. (1988) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/bf01129175 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Jones E. G. The thalamus. Springer Science & Business Media (2012).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical utility and prospective of TMS–EEG
Tremblay, S., Rogasch, N. C., Premoli, I., Blumberger, D. M., Casarotto, S., Chen, R., Di Lazzaro, V., Farzan, F., Ferrarelli, F., Fitzgerald, P. B., et al. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.001 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Cerebellar Stimulation on Gait and Balance Recovery in Patients With Hemiparetic Stroke
Koch, G., Bonnı̀, S., Casula, E. P., Iosa, M., Paolucci, S., Pellicciari, M. C., Cinnera, A. M., Ponzo, V., Maiella, M., Picazio, S., et al. (2018) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.3639 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationFecchio, M., Pigorini, A., Comanducci, A., Sarasso, S., Casarotto, S., Premoli, I., Derchi, C., Mazza, A., Russo, S., Resta, F., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184910 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Chung, S. W., Rogasch, N. C., Hoy, K. E., Sullivan, C. M., Cash, R. F. H., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23882 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Chung, S. W., Lewis, B. P., Rogasch, N. C., Saeki, T., Thomson, R. H., Hoy, K. E., Bailey, N. W., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2017) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.04.005 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Evidence of Neuroplastic Changes after Transcranial Magnetic, Electric, and Deep Brain Stimulation
Kricheldorff, J., Göke, K., Kiebs, M., Kasten, F. H., Herrmann, C. S., Witt, K., & Hurlemann, R. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12070929 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Chung, S. W., Sullivan, C. M., Rogasch, N. C., Hoy, K. E., Bailey, N. W., Cash, R. F. H., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24398 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Effects of cerebellar neuromodulation in movement disorders: A systematic review
França, C., de Andrade, D. C., Teixeira, M. J., Galhardoni, R., da Silva, V. A., Barbosa, E. R., & Cury, R. G. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.11.015 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Casula, E. P., Pellicciari, M. C., Bonnı̀, S., Spanò, B., Ponzo, V., Salsano, I., Giulietti, G., Cinnera, A. M., Maiella, M., Borghi, I., et al. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25297 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of pulse width, waveform and current direction in the cortex: A combined cTMS-EEG study
Casula, E. P., Rocchi, L., Hannah, R., & Rothwell, J. C. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.015 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationA Working Hypothesis for the Role of the Cerebellum in Impulsivity and Compulsivity
Miquel, M., Nicola, S. M., Gil‐Miravet, I., Guarque‐Chabrera, J., & Sanchez-Hernandez, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00099 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Manto, M. U., Argyropoulos, G. P. D., Bocci, T., Celnik, P. A., Corben, L. A., Guidetti, M., Koch, G., Priori, A., Rothwell, J. C., Sadnicka, A., et al. (2021) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-021-01344-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamic reorganization of TMS-evoked activity in subcortical stroke patients
Pellicciari, M. C., Bonnı̀, S., Ponzo, V., Cinnera, A. M., Mancini, M., Casula, E. P., Sallustio, F., Paolucci, S., Caltagirone, C., & Koch, G. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.011 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationKoch, G., Esposito, R., Motta, C., Casula, E. P., Lorenzo, F. D., Bonnı̀, S., Cinnera, A. M., Ponzo, V., Maiella, M., Picazio, S., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116424 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of rTMS on the brain: is there value in variability?
Goldsworthy, M. R., Hordacre, B. G., Rothwell, J. C., & Ridding, M. C. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.024 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Network-targeted cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation improves attentional control
Esterman, M., Thai, M., Okabe, H., DeGutis, J., Saad, E., Laganiere, S. E., & Halko, M. A. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.011 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Role of the Cerebellum in Swallowing
Sasegbon, A., & Hamdy, S. (2021) · Dysphagia · doi:10.1007/s00455-021-10271-x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
TMS-evoked long-lasting artefacts: A new adaptive algorithm for EEG signal correction
Casula, E. P., Bertoldo, A., Tarantino, V., Maiella, M., Koch, G., Rothwell, J. C., TOFFOLO, G. M., & Bisiacchi, P. S. (2017) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding time perception through non-invasive brain stimulation techniques: A review of studies
Mioni, G., Grondin, S., Bardi, L., & Stablum, F. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112232 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Casula, E. P., Tieri, G., Rocchi, L., Pezzetta, R., Maiella, M., Pavone, E. F., Aglioti, S. M., & Koch, G. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0636-21.2021 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel TMS-EEG indexes to investigate interhemispheric dynamics in humans
Casula, E. P., Maiella, M., Pellicciari, M. C., Porrazzini, F., D’Acunto, A., Rocchi, L., & Koch, G. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.09.013 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationHill, A. T., Rogasch, N. C., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Hoy, K. E. (2018) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.022 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fernández, L., Rogasch, N. C., Do, M., Clark, G. M., Major, B. P., Teo, W., Byrne, L. K., & Enticott, P. G. (2020) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-019-01093-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pleger, B., & Timmann, D. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.012 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Assogna, M., Casula, E. P., Borghi, I., Bonnı̀, S., Samà, D., Motta, C., Lorenzo, F. D., D’Acunto, A., Porrazzini, F., Minei, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200426 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationBerger, D. J., Masciullo, M., Molinari, M., Lacquaniti, F., & d’Avella, A. (2020) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00657.2018 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Spampinato, D. A., Avci-Colak, E., Rothwell, J. C., & Rocchi, L. (2021) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.007 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Isayama, R., Vesia, M., Jegatheeswaran, G., Elahi, B., Gunraj, C. A., Cardinali, L., Farnè, A., & Chen, R. E. (2019) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00345.2018 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Vecchio, F., Caliandro, P., Reale, G., Miraglia, F., Piludu, F., Masi, G., Iacovelli, C., Simbolotti, C., Padua, L., Leone, E., et al. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.03.017 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Wei, Q., Zhang, M., Xie, Y.-J., Liao, L., Tan, H., Guo, Q., & Gao, Q. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.655502 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dose-response of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: A TMS-EEG study
Desforges, M., Hadas, I., Mihov, B., Morin, Y., Braün, M. R., Lioumis, P., Zomorrodi, R., Théoret, H., Lepage, M., Daskalakis, Z. J., et al. (2022) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.018 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Antonioni, A., Raho, E. M., Straudi, S., Granieri, E., Koch, G., & Fadiga, L. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105830 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, D., Cheng, A., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., & Liu, Y. (2021) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02406-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
López-Alonso, V., Liew, S., Fernández‐del‐Olmo, M., Cheeran, B., Sandrini, M., Abe, M., & Cohen, L. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00253 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Assessing cerebellar-cortical connectivity using concurrent TMS-EEG: a feasibility study
Fernández, L., Biabani, M., Do, M., Opie, G. M., Hill, A. T., Barham, M. P., Teo, W., Byrne, L. K., Rogasch, N. C., & Enticott, P. G. (2021) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00617.2020 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Casula, E. P., Mayer, I., Desikan, M., Tabrizi, S. J., Rothwell, J. C., & Orth, M. (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27285 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationLorenzo, F. D., Bonnı̀, S., Picazio, S., Motta, C., Caltagirone, C., Martorana, A., & Koch, G. (2020) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-020-00781-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence of endogenous estrogen on high-frequency prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation
Chung, S. W., Thomson, C. J., Lee, S., Worsley, R., Rogasch, N. C., Kulkarni, J., Thomson, R. H., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Segrave, R. A. (2019) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.05.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Assessing effective connectivity of the cerebellum with cerebral cortex using TMS-EEG
Gaßmann, L., Gordon, P. C., & Ziemann, U. (2022) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sanna, A., Follesa, P., Puligheddu, M., Cannas, A., Serra, M., Pisu, M. G., Dagostino, S., Solla, P., Tacconi, P., & Marrosu, F. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134653 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bonnı̀, S., Motta, C., Pellicciari, M. C., Casula, E. P., Cinnera, A. M., Maiella, M., Picazio, S., Tramontano, M., Sallustio, F., & Koch, G. (2020) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-020-01146-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationRocchi, L., Spampinato, D. A., Pezzopane, V., Orth, M., Bisiacchi, P. S., Rothwell, J. C., & Casula, E. P. (2022) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-022-01398-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationBai, Z., Zhang, J., & Fong, K. N. K. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11091114 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Prism Adaptation Modulates Connectivity of the Intraparietal Sulcus with Multiple Brain Networks
Schintu, S., Freedberg, M., Gotts, S. J., Cunningham, C. A., Alam, Z. M., Shomstein, S., & Wassermann, E. M. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa032 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Influence of cognitive‐motor expertise on brain dynamics of anticipatory‐based outcome processing
Lu, Y., Yang, T., Hatfield, B. D., Cong, F., & Zhou, C. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13477 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Liao, X., Yuan, Q., Shi, W., Li, B., Su, T., Lin, Q., Min, Y., Zhu, P., Ye, L., & Shao, Y. (2019) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2018-0517 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lu, M., Chen, J., Chen, C., Duann, J., Ziemann, U., & Tsai, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00445 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ding, Q., Chen, S., Chen, J., Zhang, S., Peng, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, J., Li, X., Chen, K., Cai, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.818340 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Safety Considerations for Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation
Puerto, A. M. H., Nestor, K., Eldaief, M. C., & Camprodon, J. A. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.06.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Maiella, M., Mencarelli, L., Casula, E. P., Borghi, I., Assogna, M., Lorenzo, F. D., Bonnı̀, S., Pezzopane, V., Martorana, A., & Koch, G. (2024) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2024.09.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMirdamadi, J. L., & Block, H. J. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.019 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Marangolo, P., Fiori, V., Caltagirone, C., Incoccia, C., & Gili, T. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146564 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationIs the vertex a good control stimulation site? Theta burst stimulation in healthy controls
Pizem, D., Novakova, L., Gajdoš, M., & Rektorová, I. (2022) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-022-02466-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Cerebellum and the Motor Cortex: Multiple Networks Controlling Multiple Aspects of Behavior
Spampinato, D. A., Casula, E. P., & Koch, G. (2023) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584231189435 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationHyde, C. E., Fuelscher, I. T., & Williams, J. (2019) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-019-00161-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Antonioni, A., Raho, E. M., Spampinato, D. A., Granieri, E., Fadiga, L., Lorenzo, F. D., & Koch, G. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106194 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationReal-time cortical dynamics during motor inhibition
Casula, E. P., Pezzopane, V., Roncaioli, A., Battaglini, L., Rumiati, R. I., Rothwell, J. C., Rocchi, L., & Koch, G. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57602-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Q., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y.-M. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12061348 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wilcox, C. E., Clifford, J. M., Ling, J. M., Mayer, A. R., Bigelow, R., Bogenschutz, M. P., & Tonigan, J. S. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00126-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Shi, W., Tang, L., Lin, Q., Li, B., Jiang, N., Zhu, P., Yuan, Q., Ye, L., & Shao, Y. (2020) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11294 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Risk Variants in Three Alzheimer’s Disease Genes Show Association with EEG Endophenotypes
Macedo, A., Gómez, C., Rebelo, M. Â., Poza, J., Gomes, I., Martins, S., Maturana-Candelas, A., Pablo, V. G.-D., Durães, L., Sousa, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200963 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cinnera, A. M., Bonnı̀, S., D’Acunto, A., Maiella, M., Ferraresi, M., Casula, E. P., Pezzopane, V., Tramontano, M., Iosa, M., Paolucci, S., et al. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07849-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, J., Wu, Z., Hong, S., Ye, H., Zhang, Y., Lin, Q., Chen, Z., Zheng, L., & Qin, J. (2024) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-024-03720-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Casula, E. P., Esposito, R., Dezi, S., Ortelli, P., Sebastianelli, L., Ferrazzoli, D., Saltuari, L. L., Pezzopane, V., Borghi, I., Rocchi, L., et al. (2024) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2024.06.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationGoldenkoff, E. R., Brissenden, J. A., Lee, T. G., Michon, K. J., & Vesia, M. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0404-25.2025 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Halverson, H. E., Kim, J., & Freeman, J. H. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0731-23.2023 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Picazio, S., Foti, F., Oliveri, M., Koch, G., Petrosini, L., Ferlazzo, F., & Sdoia, S. (2020) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-020-01115-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationBreakdown of oscillatory effective networks in disorders of consciousness
Bai, Y., Gong, A., Wang, Q., Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., & Feng, Z. (2023) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14469 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Meng, H., Cao, N., Zhang, J., & Pi, Y. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.9253 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chen, K., Sun, M., & Zhuang, H. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000040098 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Continuous theta burst TMS of area MT+ impairs attentive motion tracking
Chakraborty, A., Tran, T., Silva, A. E., Giaschi, D. E., & Thompson, B. S. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15480 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Distinct EEG Marker of Celiac Disease‐Related Cortical Myoclonus
Swinkin, E., Lizárraga, K. J., Algarni, M., Dominguez, L. G., Baarbé, J. K., Saravanamuttu, J., Chen, R. E., Slow, E., Lang, A. E., & Wennberg, R. A. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28407 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Non-invasive Stimulation of the Cerebellum in Health and Disease
Darch, H. T., Cerminara, N. L., Gilchrist, I. D., & Apps, R. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.73218 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Peng, X.-M., Gong, C., Xiao, M.-X., Chen, L.-S., Li, Y., Chen, J., Wang, M., & Luo, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1586734 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rethinking early Alzheimer’s disease: An impaired internal model updating disorder?
Antonioni, A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106790 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Wang, Y.-Q., Wen, X., Wang, M., Wang, L., Lu, L., & Li, K. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000030302 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Kong, Q., Li, Y., Feng, Y., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Yu, S., Liu, J., Cao, J., Cui, F., et al. (2025) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13020-025-01106-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Andrew, D., Ibey, R. J., & Staines, R. W. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112273 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neuropsychiatry
Rabins, P. V. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1753-a · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Carrette, S., Vonck, K. E. J., Klooster, D., Raedt, R., Carrette, E., Delbeke, J., Wadman, W. J., Casarotto, S., Massimini, M., & Boon, P. (2024) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2024.04.007 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Zhou, J., Hu, Z., Jin, Y., Tan, B., Wang, Y., Sha, Y., Cai, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2025) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.020 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dhami, P., Lee, J. C., Schwartzmann, B., Knyahnytska, Y., Atluri, S., Christie, G. J., Croarkin, P. E., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., Moreno, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100439 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Speranza, B. E., Hill, A. T., Do, M., Cerins, A., Donaldson, P. H., Desarkar, P., Oberman, L. M., Das, S., Enticott, P. G., & Kirkovski, M. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.018 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
He, R., Shi, X., Jiang, L., Zhu, Y. D., Pei, Z., Zhu, L., Su, X., Yao, D., Xu, P., Guo, Y., et al. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2024.3469576 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
New Horizons in Early Dementia Diagnosis: Can Cerebellar Stimulation Untangle the Knot?
Naro, A., Marra, A., Billeri, L., Portaro, S., Luca, R. D., Maresca, G., Rosa, G. L., Lauria, P., Bramanti, P., & Calabrò, R. S. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8091470 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Israely, S., & Leisman, G. (2019) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2019-0008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Purushotham, A., Goyal, N., Sinha, V. K., Tikka, S. K., Garg, S., & Desarkar, P. (2022) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/jdn.10210 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Panda, R., Deluisi, J. A., Lee, T. G., Davis, S., Muñoz-Orozco, I., Albin, R. L., & Vesia, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1445595 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Wang, L., Gao, F., Dai, Y., Liu, C., Wu, J., Wang, M., Yan, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, C., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1405637 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Song, B. K., Tian, M., Wang, T., Wang, X., Ye, X., Yao, Q., Shi, J., & Yin, K. (2025) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.70491 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dynamics of Cerebral Function in Patients with Acute Cerebellar Infarction
Wu, X., Lei, Z., Wu, Y., Jiang, M., Luo, H., Xiu, C., & Ruan, J. (2023) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-023-01534-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, B. J., Hui, S., Pan, X., Ma, W., Dong, L., Wang, Q., & Meng, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1100320 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ye, L., Zhao, W., Zhang, Y., Song, W., Xie, H., & Cao, L. (2025) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-025-01853-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sveva, V., Guerra, A., Mangone, M., Agostini, F., Bernetti, A., Berardelli, A., Paoloni, M., & Bologna, M. (2025) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.03.033 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cerebellar activity in PINK1 knockout rats during volitional gait
DeAngelo, V., Hilliard, J. D., Chiang, C., Viventi, J., & McConnell, G. C. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae249 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Khanmohammadi, S., Ehsani, F., Bagheri, R., & Jaberzadeh, S. J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95859-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Trapp, N. T., Muller Ewald, V. A., Pace, B. D., Wendt, L., Garrett, L., Penaluna, B., Miller, J., Purgianto, A., van der Plas, E., Magnotta, V. A., et al. (2025) · Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.transm.2024.100082 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dai, Y., Fang, Q., Wang, H., Yan, J., He, X., Zhou, Z., Chen, Z., & Chen, Z. (2026) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.12.012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Experimental Protocol to Test Explicit Motor Learning–Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation
Ortelli, P., Ferrazzoli, D., Maestri, R., Saltuari, L. L., Köfler, M., Alibardi, A., Koch, G., Spampinato, D. A., Castagna, A., Sebastianelli, L., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2021.720184 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, X., Hancock, R., & Santaniello, S. (2025) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/add76c · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Casula, E. P., Pellicciari, M. C., Ponzo, V., Stampanoni Bassi, M., Veniero, D., Caltagirone, C., & Koch, G.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Policlinico Tor Vergata (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Koch, Giacomo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2016-10-31
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 36191-36191
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5086958
- OpenAlex
- W2541396679
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS eCampus Telematic University (Università degli Studi eCampus) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministero della Salute (GR-2009-1591859)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- primary motor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, corticospinal excitability, alpha oscillations, beta oscillations, GABAergic interneurons, cortical oscillations, voluntary movement control, cerebellar-cortical interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Parietal Lobe, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Healthy Volunteers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
