Effectiveness of advanced carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Potential benefits of carbohydrate counting for glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain inconclusive. Our aim is to systematically assess the efficacy of carbohydrate counting in patients with T1DM. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) up to December 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 3 months follow-up that evaluated carbohydrate counting compared with usual or other diabetes dietary education in patients with T1DM were included. Overall meta-analysis identified a significant decrease in HbA 1c concentration with carbohydrate counting versus other diabetes diet method or usual diabetes dietary education (SMD: −0.35, 95%CI: −0.65 to −0.05, P = 0.023). Subgroup analysis restricted to trials which compared carbohydrate counting with usual diabetes dietary found a significant decrease in HbA 1c in carbohydrate counting group (SMD: −0.68, 95%CI: −0.98 to −0.38, P = 0.000), and a similar result has emerged from six studies in adults (SMD: −0.40, 95%CI: −0.78 to −0.02, P = 0.037). Carbohydrate counting may confer positive impact on glucose control. Larger clinical trials are warranted to validate this positive impact.
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From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
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Çelik, P., Şıklar, Z., & Berberoğlu, M. (2020) · Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease · doi:10.12956/tchd.683063 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Towards patient-specific carbohydrate counting accuracy: An in silico study
Abreu, C., Miranda, F., & Felgueiras, P. (2022) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0081330 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Carbohydrate knowledge in diabetic emergency department patients at an academic institution
Dalawari, P., Sprowls, D., Moran, V. L., & Armbrecht, E. S. (2017) · Journal of Hospital Administration · doi:10.5430/jha.v6n2p15
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Carbohydrate Counting or Healthy Eating Plan: Which to Use?
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Jiang, Q., He, Z., Chen, Q., & Jing, H. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.33679
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Effectiveness of Using Patient-Defined Meal Sizes to Determine Bolus Doses of Insulin
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Why hyperinsulinemia is detrimental to weight loss: insights from type 1 diabetes
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The Evolution of Carbohydrate Management in Type 1 Diabetes
Relan, A., & Houlden, R. L. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2026.09.003
- Authors
- Fu, S., Li, L., Deng, S., Zan, L., & Liu, Z.
- Affiliations
- The Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CN)
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2016-11-14
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37067-37067
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5107938
- OpenAlex
- W2556507797
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing Medical University
- National Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of China
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- carbohydrate counting, type 1 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, dietary management
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Education as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
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