The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human safety review of “nano” titanium dioxide and zinc oxide
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications
Chen, X., & Mao, S. S. (2007) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr0500535 · Cited by 10,688
The potential risks of nanomaterials: a review carried out for ECETOC.
Borm, P. J. A., Robbins, D. J., Haubold, S., Kuhlbusch, T. A. J., Fissan, H. J., Donaldson, K., Schins, R. P. F., Stone, V., Kreyling, W. G., Lademann, J. M., et al. (2006) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-3-11 · Cited by 1,379
Grey Goo on the Skin? Nanotechnology, Cosmetic and Sunscreen Safety
Nohynek, G. J., Lademann, J., Ribaud, C., & Roberts, M. S. (2007) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408440601177780 · Cited by 644
Lademann, J., Weigmann, H.-J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., Mueller, G., & Sterry, W. (1999) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000066249 · Cited by 527
Cross, S. E., Innes, B., Roberts, M. S., Tsuzuki, T., Robertson, T. A., & McCormick, P. (2007) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000098701 · Cited by 481
Wu, J., Liu, W., Xue, C., Zhou, S., Lan, F., Bi, L., Xu, H., Yang, X., & Zeng, F.-D. (2009) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.020 · Cited by 457
A Review of Sunscreen Safety and Efficacy
Gasparro, F. P., Mitchnick, M., & Nash, J. F. (1998) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x · Cited by 423
Self-citationLandsiedel, R., Kapp, M. D., Schulz, M., Wiench, K., & Oesch, F. (2009) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.10.002 · Cited by 370
Kullavanijaya, P., & Lim, H. W. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.07.063 · Cited by 356
The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide through porcine skin
Gamer, A. O., Leibold, E., & van Ravenzwaay, B. (2006) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.008 · Cited by 342
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- R. F. Wilson, Nanotechnology: the challenge of regulating known unknowns J. Law Med. Ethics 2006 34 704–713. · doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00090.x
- S. A. Edwards and M. A. Ratner, Nano-hype: The truth behind the nanotechnology buzz and the nanotech pioneers: Where are they taking us? Phys. Today 2007 60 60–62.
- K. Kostarelos, A. Bianco and M. Prato, Hype around nanotubes creates unrealistic hopes Nature 2008 453 280 · doi:10.1038/453280c
- S. Gottbrath, M.-G. C. Penetration, and visualization of titanium dioxide microparticles in human stratum corneum - effect of different formulations on the penetration of titanium dioxide SOFW J. 2003 3 11–17.
- T. Butz, T. Reinert, T. Pinheiro, P. Moretto, J. Pallon, Á. Z. Kiss, J. Stachura, W. Dąbroś, Z. Stachura, J. Lekki, M. Lekka, J. Hunyadi, T. Bíró, M. Sticherling, L. Van Vaeck, P. Van Royen, and J.-E. Surlève-Bazeille, Nanoderm, Quality of Skin as a Barrier to Ultra-fine Particles, Final Report, 2007, pp. 1–55, http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~nanoderm/index.html.
- H. Spielmann, B. Grune, M. Liebsch, A. Seiler and R. Vogel, Successful validation of in vitro methods in toxicology by ZEBET, the National Centre for Alternatives in Germany at the BfR (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment) Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2008 60 225–233. · doi:10.1016/j.etp.2008.01.012
- C. J. Boreiko, Overview of health risk assessments for zinc J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A 2010 73 166–174. · doi:10.1080/15287390903340427
- A. P. Popov, M. Y. Kirillin, A. V. Priezzhev, J. Lademann, J. Hast, R. Myllylä, Optical, sensing of titanium dioxide nanoparticles within horny layer of human skin and their protecting effect against solar UV radiation Proc. SPIE 2005 5702 113–122. · doi:10.1117/12.590860
Cited by
Titanium dioxide in our everyday life; is it safe?
Skocaj, M., Filipic, M., Petkovic, J., & Novak, S. (2011) · Radiology and Oncology · doi:10.2478/v10019-011-0037-0 · Cited by 549
A review of mammalian toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles
Vandebriel, R., & De Jong, W. (2012) · Nanotechnology, Science and Applications · doi:10.2147/nsa.s23932 · Cited by 494
Sharma, V., Singh, P., Pandey, A. K., & Dhawan, A. (2012) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.12.009 · Cited by 468
Faure, B., Salazar-Alvarez, G., Ahniyaz, A., Villaluenga, I., Berriozabal, G., De Miguel, Y. R., & Bergström, L. (2013) · Science and Technology of Advanced Materials · doi:10.1088/1468-6996/14/2/023001 · Cited by 395
A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide
Schneider, S. L., & Lim, H. W. (2019) · Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12439 · Cited by 377
Metadata
- Authors
- Schilling, K., Bradford, B., Castelli, D., Dufour, E., Nash, J. F., Pape, W., Schulte, S., Tooley, I., van den Bosch, J., & Schellauf, F.
- Venue
- Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 495-509
- ISSN
- 1474-905X (ISSN-L)
- 1474-9092
- OpenAlex
- W2116359172
- Cited by
- 381
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 10.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Human safety review of “nano” titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1039/b9pp00180h
- The paper
- Schilling, K., Bradford, B., Castelli, D., Dufour, E., Nash, J. F., Pape, W., Schulte, S., Tooley, I., van den Bosch, J., & Schellauf, F. (2010). Human safety review of “nano” titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1039/b9pp00180h
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
