Catalysed oxygenation of allylic hydroperoxides derived from qinghao (artemisinic) acid. Conversion of qinghao acid into dehydroginghaosu (artemisitene) and qinghaosu (artemisinin)
Abstract
Photo-oxygenation of ginghao acid and its dihydro analogue provides allylic hydroperoxides which are converted either indirectly via the corresponding esters, or directly into dehydroginghaosu (artemisitene) and the antimalarial ginghaosu (artemisinin), by treatment with a catalytic amount of copper(II) trifluoromethanesulphonate with or without an iron(III) co-catalyst in dichloromethane-acetonitrile under oxygen.
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Artemisitene can be obtained readily by chemical transformations of artemisinin, and a partial synthesis of artemisitene from artemisinic acid (473) has been reported.
“although artemisitene can be obtained readily by chemical transformations of artemisinin [165,213,241,242]; and a partial synthesis of artemisitene from artemisinic acid (473) has also been reported [243].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [243]
Photooxygenation of artemisinic acid (473) in vitro leads to arteannuin B (462) and 11,13-dehydro analogues of artemisinin.
“There is indeed ample precedent for the formation of such hydroperoxides from 473 by photooxygenation reactions in vitro [243], which lead both to arteannuin B (462) [251] and 11,13-dehydro analogues of artemisinin [254,308].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [243]
In vitro experiments have shown that 481 can undergo spontaneous conversion to a transient enol as proposed in step ii).
“These in vitro experiments have shown that 481 can indeed undergo sponataneous conversion to a transient enol as proposed in step ii) of Scheme 11 [204,238,243,302,303]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [243]
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- Authors
- Haynes, R. K., & Vonwiller, S. C.
- ORCID
- Haynes, Richard K.
- Venue
- Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 1990
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 451
- ISSN
- 0022-4936 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977969711
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Keywords
- artemisinin, artemisinic acid, allylic hydroperoxides, photooxygenation, catalytic oxidation, antimalarial compounds, sesquiterpenes
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