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An analysis of the optimal band gaps of light absorbers in integrated tandem photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems

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Hu, Shu, Xiang, Chengxiang, Haussener, Sophia, Berger, Alan D., Lewis, Nathan S.·2013·Energy & Environmental Science
DOI 10.1039/c3ee40453f
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Abstract

The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency limits, along with the maximum efficiency values and the corresponding optimal band gap combinations, have been evaluated for various combinations of light absorbers arranged in a tandem configuration in realistic, operational water-splitting prototypes. To perform the evaluation, a current–voltage model was employed, with the light absorbers, electrocatalysts, solution electrolyte, and membranes coupled in series, and with the directions of optical absorption, carrier transport, electron transfer and ionic transport in parallel. The current density vs. voltage characteristics of the light absorbers were determined by detailed-balance calculations that accounted for the Shockley–Queisser limit on the photovoltage of each absorber. The maximum STH efficiency for an integrated photoelectrochemical system was found to be ∼31.1% at 1 Sun (=1 kW m−2, air mass 1.5), fundamentally limited by a matching photocurrent density of 25.3 mA cm−2 produced by the light absorbers. Choices of electrocatalysts, as well as the fill factors of the light absorbers and the Ohmic resistance of the solution electrolyte also play key roles in determining the maximum STH efficiency and the corresponding optimal tandem band gap combination. Pairing 1.6–1.8 eV band gap semiconductors with Si in a tandem structure produces promising light absorbers for water splitting, with theoretical STH efficiency limits of >25%.

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Metadata

Authors
Hu, S., Xiang, C., Haussener, S., Berger, A. D., & Lewis, N. S.
Venue
Energy & Environmental Science
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Published
2013
Volume
6
Issue
10
Pages
2984
ISSN
  • 1754-5692 (ISSN-L)
  • 1754-5706
DOI
10.1039/c3ee40453f
OpenAlex
W2110707783
Cited by
586
References
2
FWCI
23.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An analysis of the optimal band gaps of light absorbers in integrated tandem photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1039/c3ee40453f
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Hu, S., Xiang, C., Haussener, S., Berger, A. D., & Lewis, N. S. (2013). An analysis of the optimal band gaps of light absorbers in integrated tandem photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems. Energy & Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee40453f

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