Nitrile-assistant eutectic electrolytes for cryogenic operation of lithium ion batteries at fast charges and discharges
Open accessAbstract
The charge/discharge characteristics of lithium ion batteries at low temperature (LT = −20 °C) are enhanced by using ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes with the help of assistant solvents of nitriles. Conventional liquid electrolytes (e.g. a mixture of EC and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), abbreviated as LED) cannot support a satisfactory capacity at low temperature as well as at high rates even if electric vehicles require low-temperature operation. Introducing propionitrile or butyronitrile (Pn or Bn) into LED (resulting in LEDPn or LEDBn) as a co-solvent increases significantly the high-rate capacities at −20 °C. For example, LEDPn delivers 62% of the available capacity at 1 C and 46% at 3 C with a 2.7 V cut-off while the control LED provides just 6% and 4% at the same rates. Successful operation at −20 °C with nitrile-assistant electrolytes results from high ionic conductivity, low viscosity and freezing point depression caused by the eutectic behavior of the carbonates (EC/DMC) and Pn. Based on the phase diagram of Pn with EC/DMC, we expect a meaningful battery operation up to −110 °C, probably lower, at the eutectic composition.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Using the same salt LiPF6, an acetonitrile-based electrolyte has an ionic conductivity more than twice the value of an EC-DMC-based electrolyte at room temperature.
“Using the same salt LiPF 6 , the AN-based electrolyte has an ionic conductivity more than twice the value of the EC-DMC-based electrolyte at RT [52].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Section 3.1 (page not indicated in our copy) reports room-temperature ionic conductivities of 20.5 mS cm⁻¹ for the acetonitrile-containing electrolyte and 11.33 mS cm⁻¹ for the EC–DMC control. Both used 1 M LiPF6, but 20.5 is about 1.81 times 11.33, not more than twice. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPouch cells using electrolytes with shorter alkyl chain nitrile (acetonitrile) with higher ionic conductivity delivered less discharge capacity at the same condition compared with propionitrile, which has the best retention at -20 °C for room-temperature capacity.
“However, pouch cells using electrolytes with shorter alkyl chain nitrile (i.e., AN) with a higher ionic conductivity delivered less discharge capacity at the same condition compared with propionitrile (PN), which has the best retention at -20 °C for RT capacity.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn all electrolyte systems studied by Cho, 2% fluoroethylene carbonate was used as a solid electrolyte interphase additive to relieve the graphite incompatibility issue of nitriles.
“Moreover, in all electrolyte systems studied by Cho, 2% FEC was used as SEI additive to relieve the graphite incompatibility issue of nitriles.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) states that 2 wt% FEC was used as an SEI-forming agent for the cell tests, supporting the amount and additive role. It does not say FEC was used in every electrolyte measurement or that its purpose was specifically to relieve nitrile–graphite incompatibility. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredElectrolyte ionic conductivity was greatly improved after introducing nitriles.
“The electrolyte ionic conductivity was greatly improved after introducing nitriles (Fig. 7a).”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Highly improved bulk ion transport properties effectively increased the discharge/charge capacity of graphite||NCA full cells at -20 °C.
“The highly improved bulk ion transport properties effectively increased the discharge/charge capacity of graphite||NCA full cells at LT (-20 °C) (Fig. 7b).”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Introducing nitriles with varying alkyl chain lengths and low melting points into EC or EC-DMC-based electrolyte lowers the freezing point of solvent mixtures.
“Recently, Cho et al. [52] introduced nitriles with varying length of alkyl chains and low melting points into EC or EC-DMC-based electrolyte to lower the freezing point of solvent mixtures.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A lithium superionic conductor
Kamaya, N., Homma, K., Yamakawa, Y., Hirayama, M., Kanno, R., Yonemura, M., Kamiyama, T., Kato, Y., Hama, S., Kawamoto, K., et al. (2011) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3066 · Cited by 4,997 · see citing works
The Current Move of Lithium Ion Batteries Towards the Next Phase
Kim, T., Park, J., Chang, S. K., Choi, S., Ryu, J. H., & Song, H. (2012) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201200028 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Self-citationBak, S., Nam, K., Chang, W., Yu, X., Hu, E., Hwang, S., Stach, E. A., Kim, K., Chung, K. Y., & Yang, X. (2013) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm303096e · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Improvement of long-term cycling performance of Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]O2 by AlF3 coating
Lee, S.-H., Yoon, C. S., Amine, K., & Sun, Y. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.045 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., & Surampudi, S. (2002) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1453407 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Lithium-Ion Electrolytes Containing Ester Cosolvents for Improved Low Temperature Performance
Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., Chin, K. B., & Whitcanack, L. D. (2010) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3501236 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
High-Voltage Electrolytes Based on Adiponitrile for Li-Ion Batteries
Abu‐Lebdeh, Y., & Davidson, I. J. (2008) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3023084 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Ionic liquid–solvent mixtures as supercapacitor electrolytes for extreme temperature operation
Ruiz, V., Huynh, T., Sivakkumar, S. R., & Pandolfo, A. G. (2012) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c2ra20177a · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Irreversible Capacities of Graphite in Low‐Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., Surampudi, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Greenbaum, S. G., Hightower, A., Ahn, C. C., & Fultz, B. (1999) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1392577 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Smart, M., Ratnakumar, B., Whitcanack, L., Chin, K., Surampudi, S., Croft, H., Tice, D., & Staniewicz, R. (2003) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(03)00154-x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Low temperature electrolytes for Li-ion PVDF cells
Shiao, H.-C. (., Chua, D., Lin, H.-P., Slane, S., & Salomon, M. (2000) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00470-x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Low-temperature performance of Li-ion cells with a LiBF4-based electrolyte
Zhang, S. S., Xu, K., & Jow, T. R. (2003) · Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10008-002-0300-9 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Liquid-Solid Phase Diagrams of Binary Carbonates for Lithium Batteries
Ding, M. S., Xu, K., & Jow, T. R. (2000) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1393419 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
New electrolytes based on glutaronitrile for high energy/power Li-ion batteries
Abu‐Lebdeh, Y., & Davidson, I. J. (2008) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.09.113 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Electrolyte Formulations Based on Dinitrile Solvents for High Voltage Li-Ion Batteries
Duncan, H., Salem, N. M., & Abu‐Lebdeh, Y. (2013) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.088306jes · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Smart, M., Lucht, B., Dalavi, S., Krause, F. C., & Ratnakumar, B. (2012) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.058206jes · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Liquid/Solid Phase Diagrams of Binary Carbonates for Lithium Batteries Part II
Ding, M. S., Xu, K., Zhang, S.-S., & Jow, T. R. (2001) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1353568 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Cho, Y.-G., Odkhuu, D., Park, N., & Song, H. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01917 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationPerformance of Li-ion cells with new electrolytes conceived for low-temperature applications
Sazhin, S., Khimchenko, M., Tritenichenko, Y. N., & Lim, H. (2000) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00434-6 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Gel polymer electrolyte lithium-ion cells with improved low temperature performance
Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., Behar, A., Whitcanack, L. D., Yu, J.-S., & Alamgir, M. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.038 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ding, M. S., & Jow, T. (2005) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1914757 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Low-Temperature Performance Limitations of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Gering, K. L. (2006) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/1.2209364 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATION OF n-COMPONENT EUTECTIC MIXTURES
BRUNET, L., CAILLARD, J., & André, P. (2004) · International Journal of Modern Physics C · doi:10.1142/s0129183104006121 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
LiPF6-EC-MPC electrolyte for LiMn2O4 cathode in lithium-ion battery
Wang, L., Huang, Y., & Jia, D. (2006) · Solid State Ionics · doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2006.07.014 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- T. H. Kim, J. S. Park, S. K. Chang, S. Choi, J. H. Ryu and H. K. Song, Adv. Energy Mater., 2012, 2, 860-872.
- S. V. Sazhin, M. Y. Khimchenko, Y. N. Tritenichenko and H. S. Lim, J. Power Sources, 2000, 87, 112-117.
- K. L. Gering, ECS Trans., 2006, 1, 119-149.
- N. Kamaya, K. Homma, Y. Yamakawa, M. Hirayama, R. Kanno, M. Yonemura, T. Kamiyama, Y. Kato, S. Hama, K. Kawamoto and A. Mitsui, Nat. Mater., 2011, 10, 682-686.
- M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, S. G. Greenbaum, A. Hightower, C. C. Ahn and B. Fultz, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1999, 146, 3963-3969.
- H. C. Shiao, D. Chua, H. P. Lin, S. Slane and M. Salomon, J. Power Sources, 2000, 87, 167-173.
- M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar and S. Surampudi, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, 149, A361-A370.
- M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin and L. D. Whitcanack, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2010, 157, A1361- A1374.
- M. C. Smart, B. L. Lucht, S. Dalavi, F. C. Krause and B. V. Ratnakumar, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159, A739-A751.
- L. Wang, Y. Huang and D. Jia, Solid State Ionics, 2006, 177, 1477-1481.
- M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, A. Behar, L. D. Whitcanack, J. S. Yu and M. Alamgir, J. Power Sources, 2007, 165, 535-543.
- S. S. Zhang, K. Xu and T. R. Jow, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2003, 7, 147-151.
- M. S. Ding and T. R. Jow, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2005, 152, A1199-A1207.
- V. Ruiz, T. Huynh, S. R. Sivakkumar and A. G. Pandolfo, RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 5591-5598.
- H. Duncan, N. Salem and Y. Abu-Lebdeh, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2013, 160, A838-A848.
- Y. Abu-Lebdeh and I. Davidson, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, A60-A65.
- Y. Abu-Lebdeh and I. Davidson, J. Power Sources, 2009, 189, 576-579.
- Y. S. Kim, Y. G. Cho, D. Odkhuu, N. Park and H. K. Song, Sci. Rep., 2013, 3, 1917.
- S. H. Lee, C. S. Yoon, K. Amine and Y. K. Sun, J. Power Sources, 2013, 234, 201-207.
- S. M. Bak, K. W. Nam, W. Chang, X. Q. Yu, E. Y. Hu, S. Hwang, E. A. Stach, K. B. Kim, K. Y. Chung and X. Q. Yang, Chem. Mater., 2013, 25, 337-351.
- M. S. Ding, K. Xu and T. R. Jow, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2000, 147, 1688-1694.
- M. S. Ding, K. Xu, S. S. Zhang and T. R. Jow, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2001, 148, A299-A304.
- L. Brunet, J. Caillard and P. André, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, 2004, 15, 675-687.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tailoring electrolyte solvation for Li metal batteries cycled at ultra-low temperature
Holoubek, J., Liu, H., Wu, Z., Yin, Y., Xing, X., Cai, G., Yu, S., Zhou, H., Pascal, T. A., Chen, Z., et al. (2021) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00783-z · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Electrolyte Design for Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries
Logan, E., & Dahn, J. (2020) · Trends in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trechm.2020.01.011 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Dual-functional gum arabic binder for silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries
Ling, M., Xu, Y., Zhao, H., Gu, X., Qiu, J., Li, S., Wu, M., Song, X., Yan, C., Liu, G., et al. (2014) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.12.011 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
50C Fast‐Charge Li‐Ion Batteries using a Graphite Anode
Sun, C., Ji, X. Y., Weng, S., Li, R., Huang, X., Zhu, C., Xiao, X., Deng, T., Fan, L., Chen, L., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202206020 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Hu, B., Xu, J., Fan, Z., Xu, C., Han, S., Zhang, J., Ma, L., Ding, B., Zhuang, Z. C., Kang, Q., et al. (2023) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202203540 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Low‐Temperature Electrolyte Design for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Prospect and Challenges
Li, Q., Liu, G., Cheng, H., Sun, Q., Zhang, J., & Ming, J. (2021) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202101407 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Characterizing Electrode Materials and Interfaces in Solid-State Batteries
Alsaç, E. P., Nelson, D. L., Yoon, S. G., Cavallaro, K., Wang, C., Sandoval, S., Eze, U. D., Jeong, W. J., & McDowell, M. (2025) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00584 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Nan, B., Chen, L., Rodrigo, N. D., Borodin, O., Piao, N., Xia, J., Pollard, T., Hou, S., Zhang, J., Ji, X., et al. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202205967 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Liquefied gas electrolytes for wide-temperature lithium metal batteries
Yang, Y., Yin, Y., Davies, D. M., Zhang, M., Mayer, M., Zhang, Y., Sablina, E. S., Wang, S., Lee, J. Z., Borodin, O., et al. (2020) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee01446j · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Sun, X., Tang, Y., Xia, H., Zeng, Y., Qiao, L., Zhu, Z., Lv, Z., Zhang, Y., Ge, X., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.9b05531 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Enabling the Low-Temperature Cycling of NMC||Graphite Pouch Cells with an Ester-Based Electrolyte
Cho, Y.-G., Li, M., Holoubek, J., Li, W., Yin, Y., Meng, Y. S., & Chen, Z. (2021) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00484 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Insights into Rate Performance Limitations of Li‐ion Batteries
Heubner, C., Nikolowski, K., Reuber, S., Schneider, M., Wolter, M., & Michaelis, A. (2020) · Batteries & Supercaps · doi:10.1002/batt.202000227 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Rational Design of Fluorinated Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Yoo, D.-J., Liu, Q., Cohen, O., Kim, M., Persson, K., & Zhang, Z.-C. (2023) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202204182 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Lei, S., Zeng, Z., Liu, M., Zhang, H., Cheng, S., & Xie, J. (2022) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107265 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Kinetic Limits and Enhancement of Graphite Anode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries
Zhong, C., Weng, S., Wang, Z.-X., Zhan, C., & Wang, X.-F. (2023) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108894 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Luo, L., Chen, K., Chen, H., Li, H., Cao, R., Feng, X., Chen, W., Fang, Y., & Cao, Y. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202308881 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Synergistic Effect of Blended Components in Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Cekic-Laskovic, I., von Aspern, N., Imholt, L., Kaymaksiz, S., Oldiges, K., Rad, B. R., & Winter, M. (2017) · Topics in current chemistry · doi:10.1007/s41061-017-0125-8 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries
Tan, S., Shadike, Z., Cai, X., Lin, R., Kludze, A., Borodin, O., Lucht, B. L., Wang, C., Hu, E., Xu, K., et al. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00199-1 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Recently, Cho et al. [52] introduced nitriles with varying length of alkyl chains and low melting points into EC or EC-DMC-based electrolyte to lower the freezing point of solvent mixtures.”
Challenges and Strategies for Fast Charge of Li‐Ion Batteries
Zhang, S. S. (2020) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.202000650 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Xu, G.-J., Huang, S.-Q., Cui, Z.-L., Du, X., Wang, X., Lu, D., Shangguan, X.-H., Ma, J., Han, P.-X., Zhou, X.-H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.01.085 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Understanding the Role of SEI Layer in Low-Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries.
Yoo, D., Liu, Q., Cohen, O., Kim, M., Persson, K., & Zhang, Z.-C. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c23934 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ester-Based Electrolytes for Fast Charging of Energy Dense Lithium-Ion Batteries
Logan, E., Hall, D. S., Cormier, M., Taskovic, T., Bauer, M. K. G., Hamam, I., Hebecker, H., Molino, L., & Dahn, J. (2020) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02370 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Fast‐charging of lithium‐ion batteries: A review of electrolyte design aspects
Lei, S., Zeng, Z.-Q., Cheng, S.-J., & Xie, J. (2023) · Battery Energy · doi:10.1002/bte2.20230018 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Exploring Classes of Co-Solvents for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Cells
Hall, D. S., Eldesoky, A., Logan, E. R., Tonita, E. M., Ma, X., & Dahn, J. R. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.1351810jes · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Eutectic electrolytes: a new platform for high-safety batteries
Liu, Z., Feng, F., Feng, W., Wang, G., Qi, B., Gong, M., Zhang, F., & Pang, H. (2025) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d4ee05298f · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ions Transport in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices at Low Temperatures
Sun, Y., Liu, B., Liu, L.-Y., & Yan, X.-B. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202109568 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Challenges and strategies of formulating low‐temperature electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries
Qin, M.-S., Zeng, Z.-Q., Cheng, S.-J., & Xie, J. (2023) · Interdisciplinary Materials · doi:10.1002/idm2.12077 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Novel Low-Temperature Electrolyte Using Isoxazole as the Main Solvent for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
Tan, S., Rodrigo, U. N., Shadike, Z., Lucht, B., Xu, K., Wang, C.-S., Yang, X.-Q., & Hu, E. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c05894 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Xiao, H., Zhao, J.-T., Gao, Q., Zhang, W.-J., Cheng, X., Song, C.-Y., & Li, G.-X. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.159927 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Extremely Fast-Charging Batteries: Principle, Strategies, Detection, and Prediction.
Liu, H., Zhao, L.-Y., Ye, Y., Yang, X.-T., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Li, R.-X., Liu, H., Huang, B., Wu, F., et al. (2025) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00203 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Solvent-Assisted Hopping Mechanism Enables Ultrafast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Huang, X.-T., Li, R., Sun, C., Zhang, H.-K., Zhang, S.-Q., Lv, L., Huang, Y.-Q., Fan, L.-W., Chen, L.-X., Noked, M., et al. (2022) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02240 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Zhou, H.-T., Liu, M.-H., Gao, H.-Q., Hou, D., Yu, C.-C., Liu, C., Zhang, D., Wu, J.-C., Yang, J.-H., & Chen, D. (2020) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228553 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Supercapacitors operated at extremely low environmental temperatures
Chodankar, N. R., Patil, S. J., Hwang, S. K., Karekar, S. V., Jayaramulu, K., Zhang, W., Dubal, D. P., Huh, Y. S., & Han, Y. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d1ta08538g · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Gao, Y., Yuan, Y., Huang, S., Yao, N., Yu, L., Chen, Y., Zhang, Q., & Chen, X. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202416506 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Song, W., Fan, L., & Shi, Q. (2015) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.035 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Liu, J., He, S., Liu, S., Wang, S., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d2ta07696a · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Zheng, J., Zhang, L., Shellikeri, A., Cao, W., Wu, Q., & Zheng, J. P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41910 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A Critical Evaluation of the Advanced Electrolyte Model
Logan, E., Tonita, E., Gering, K., & Dahn, J. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0471814jes · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Che, C., Zhang, R., Li, Y., Li, H., Li, S., Qian, J., Gong, Y., Li, H., Bai, Y., Wu, F., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202506504 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Geng, L.-M., Meng, W.-J., & Ye, J. (2025) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-025-01914-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tang, X., Xiao, D., Xu, Z., Liu, Q., Ding, B., Dou, H., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d2ta04324f · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mei, P., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d2nr06294a · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Song, W., Fan, L., & Song, Y. (2015) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.041 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Lai, P., Deng, X.-D., Zhang, Y.-Q., Li, J., Hua, H., Huang, B.-Y., Zhang, P., & Zhao, J.-B. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c04747 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Aqueous eutectic lithium-ion electrolytes for wide-temperature operation
Kim, H.-I., Shin, E., Kim, S.-H., Lee, K. M., Park, J., Kang, S., So, S., Roh, K., Kwak, S., & Lee, S.-Y. (2021) · Energy storage materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.12.024 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mo, Y., & Dong, X.-L. (2024) · Next Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100115 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Advanced Polymer Electrolytes in Solid-State Batteries
Ningappa, N. G., Reddy, A. K. M. R., & Zaghib, K. (2024) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries10120454 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Alternative Single‐Solvent Electrolytes Based on Cyanoesters for Safer Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Brox, S., Röser, S., Husch, T., Hildebrand, S., Fromm, O., Korth, M., Winter, M., & Cekić-Lasković, I. (2016) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201600369 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Li, S.-Y., Shi, J.-K., Lai, J.-W., Zhuang, Z., Liu, J.-W., Yang, W.-M., Ma, L., Cai, Y.-P., Xu, J.-J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2024.02.059 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Li, X., Xu, P., Tian, Y., Fortini, A., Choi, S. H., Xu, J., Tan, X., Liu, X., Chen, G., Zhang, C., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202107787 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jiang, X., Jia, J., Zhu, Y.-Y., Li, J., Jia, H., Liu, C., Zhao, G., Yu, L.-H., & Zhu, G. (2024) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103462 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Unlocking fast‐charging capabilities of lithium‐ion batteries through liquid electrolyte engineering
Song, C., Han, S., Moon, H., & Choi, N.-S. (2024) · EcoMat · doi:10.1002/eom2.12476 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Xanthan Gum as a Potential Binder for Graphite Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Wang, Z., Dang, G., Zhang, Q., & Xie, J. (2017) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.20964/2017.08.55 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Park, J. S., Margez, C. L., & Greszler, T. A. (2019) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b02393 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lithium Ion Batteries Operated at –100 °C
Gai, J.-L., Yang, J.-R., Yang, W., Li, Q., Wu, X., & Li, H. (2023) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/40/8/086101 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Study on survivability of 18650 Lithium-ion cells at cryogenic temperatures
Nandini, K., Usha, K., Srinivasan, M., Pramod, M., Satyanarayana, P., & Sankaran, M. (2018) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2018.03.018 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. V. T., & Lee, K. (2023) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233929 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gao, Y., Yuan, Y., Huang, S., Yao, N., Yu, L., Chen, Y., Zhang, Q., & Chen, X. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202416506 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wu, X., Zeng, H.-P., He, S.-R., He, R.-L., Zhang, Z., Wu, J.-C., Zhou, J., Wang, Z.-D., Li, T., Xu, H.-L., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202519001 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kumar, L. A., Kathiresan, M., Alwarappan, S., Bella, F., & Stephan, A. (2025) · Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c00374 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nan, B., Chen, L., Rodrigo, N. D., Borodin, O. A., Piao, N., Xia, J., Pollard, T. P., Hou, S., Zhang, J., Ji, X. Y., et al. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202205967 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wu, X., Liu, Y., Yang, Q., Wang, S., Hu, G., & Xiong, C. (2017) · Ionics · doi:10.1007/s11581-017-2083-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wang, J., Schoetz, T., Gordon, L. W., Biddinger, E. J., & Messinger, R. (2024) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.4c00739 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jayawardana, C., Rodrigo, N., Yeddala, M., Nan, B., Rynearson, L., Wang, C.-S., & Lucht, B. (2023) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.3c00261 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Carlier, L., Grugeon, S., Salomez, B., Krause, C., Frégnaux, M., Matsuoka, N., Leveau, L., & Laruelle, S. (2025) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238073 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Designing Weakly Solvating Electrolytes for Low‐Temperature Lithium Batteries
Xie, C., Yi, X.-Q., Liu, D., Zhao, X.-T., Hong, T.-Y., Zhang, X.-H., Li, W.-W., Zhang, Q., & Park, H. (2026) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202506473 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yang, S. J., Kang, S., Koo, J.-H., Lee, G.-J., Lim, S.-G., Kim, J.-S., Jin, K., Kim, H. W., Yoon, H., & Yoo, D. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d5ta00016e · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Guo, J., Chai, Y.-F., Hong, C., Liu, H., Xie, L.-J., Wang, T.-L., Chen, J.-P., Song, G., Yi, Z.-L., & Su, F.-Y. (2026) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d5nr03942h · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Shahali, H., Stufflebam, D., & Amiri, A. (2025) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00451 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Qin, C., Wang, T., Yu, X., Bi, J.-X., Wang, K., Zhou, Z.-K., & Ai, W. (2026) · Coordination chemistry reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2026.218188 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cheong, D., Heo, E. S., Hong, J., Yoo, S., Jeon, Y., Jeong, J., Lee, M.-H., & Song, H.-K. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202404722 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAnion-oriented solvation regulation of a dual-salt electrolyte for lithium metal batteries
Zhang, Y.-Q., Lai, P., Deng, X.-D., Zhang, P., & Zhao, J.-B. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.160482 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The mechanism of Li-ion transport in carbonate-based electrolytes
Huang, J., Wang, T., Li, H., Wu, Y., Li, S., Kan, B., & Yan, T. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d5ta08753h · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sui, X., Zhao, L.-L., Chen, W., Liu, L., & Hu, X. (2026) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105311 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
He, W., Yeddala, M., Rynearson, L., & Lucht, B. L. (2024) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad6934 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
50C fast-charge Li-ion batteries using graphite anodePreprint
Sun, C., Ji, X., Weng, S., Ru-hong, L., Huang, X., Zhu, C., Xiao, X., Deng, T., Chen, L., Wang, X., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1642624/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ultra-Long-Chain Biobased Nonionic Surfactants with Cryo-Tolerance and Viscoelasticity
Chen, Q., Liu, L., Qian, Z., Zhao, X., Yin, H., & Feng, Y. (2026) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c13949 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Electrolyte Design for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Based Batteries
Liu, C., Cui, Z.-H., & Manthiram, A. (2026) · Advances in Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.74532 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, X., Xu, P., Tian, Y., Fortini, A., Choi, S., Liu, X., Xu, J., Liu, Q., Wu, H. B., Chen, G., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-265637/v1
Wide-temperature butyronitrile-based electrolyte: Structure dynamics and solvation behavior
Tong, L., Zhao, J., & Wang, J.-P. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2507101
Dineshkumar, G., Backiyaleela, S. V., Jugović, D., Milović, M. D., & Stephan, A. (2026) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2026.140237
Rahman, M. A., Shahali, H., Khan, M. S., Polycarpou, A. A., & Amiri, A. (2026) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105114 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, C., Cui, Z., & Manthiram, A. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.6426355
Liu, C., Cui, Z., & Manthiram, A. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.6426355
Lee, H., Lee, M.-Y., Kim, C., Baek, J., Lee, Y., Seon, W., Mok, J., Kim, M. J., Han, J.-C., Chae, S., et al. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.182966
- Authors
- Cho, Y.-G., Kim, Y.-S., Sung, D.-G., Seo, M.-S., & Song, H.-K.
- Affiliations
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Bexel (South Korea) (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Hyun-Kon
- Venue
- Energy Environ. Sci.
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1737-1743
- ISSN
- 1754-5692 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-5706
- OpenAlex
- W2139463042
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Energy & Environmental Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (10042948, 10Z20130011057)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (10Z20130011057)
- Ministry of Education, India
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (10Z20130011057)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Keywords
- lithium-ion batteries, cryogenic operation, low-temperature batteries, propionitrile, butyronitrile, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, eutectic electrolytes, high-rate capacity, ionic conductivity, freezing point depression, phase diagram, electric vehicles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
