Irreversible Capacities of Graphite in Low‐Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Open accessAbstract
Carbonaceous anode materials in lithium‐ion rechargeable cells exhibit irreversible capacity, mainly due to reaction of lithium during the formation of passive surface films. The stability and kinetics of lithium intercalation into the carbon anodes are determined by these films. The nature, thickness, and morphology of these films are in turn affected by the electrolyte components, primarily the solvent constituents. In this work, the films formed on graphite anodes in low‐temperature electrolytes, i.e., solutions with different mixtures of alkyl carbonates and low‐viscosity solvent additives, are examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. In addition, other ex situ studies such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were carried out on the graphite anodes to understand their microstructures. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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Esters with shorter alkyl chains have the advantage of better ionic conductivity for the bulk electrolyte but the disadvantage of forming more resistive and less protective solid electrolyte interphases compared with longer-chain counterparts.
“It was concluded that esters with shorter alkyl chains have the advantage in getting better ionic conductivity for the bulk electrolyte, but the disadvantage in forming more resistive and less protective SEIs as compared to longer chain counterparts.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., Surampudi, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Greenbaum, S. G., Hightower, A., Ahn, C. C., & Fultz, B.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- City University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Published
- 1999-11-01
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3963-3969
- ISSN
- 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7111
- OpenAlex
- W2166598571
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 10.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- California Institute of Technology
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- Office of Naval Research
- Basic Energy Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Keywords
- irreversible capacity, graphite anode, lithium-ion batteries, low-temperature electrolytes, alkyl carbonates, solvent additives, lithium intercalation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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