Crystallization behavior of crystalline/crystalline polymer blends under confinement in electrospun nanofibers of polystyrene/poly (ethylene oxide)/poly (ε-caprolactone) ternary mixtures
Abstract
We have studied the crystallization behavior of crystalline/crystalline blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in electrospun nanofibers fabricated from ternary blends of polystyrene (PS), PEO, and PCL, where PS was present as the majority component. It was demonstrated previously that PEO in PS/PEO binary blend nanofibers with a low PEO weight fraction (≦0.2) crystallized predominantly through homogenous nucleation due to the small PEO domain size which excluded the presence of heterogeneities (Soft Matter, 2016, 12, 5110). Here, it was found that PCL in PS/PCL binary blend nanofibers exhibited similar behavior, but at a much lower weight fraction of PCL (≦0.1) due to the presence of an inherently higher concentration of heterogeneities in the PCL homopolymer. In the PS/PEO/PCL ternary blend nanofibers, where the combined weight fraction of PEO and PCL was kept at 0.2 or less, the crystallization of the two components took place separately through both heterogeneous and homogenous nucleation mechanisms. The phase segregated crystallization behavior was further confirmed by the melting behavior of the blend nanofibers and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements. Most significantly, the homogenous nucleation of both PEO and PCL was suppressed whereas the heterogeneous nucleation was enhanced in the ternary blend nanofibers even at very low weight fraction of PEO or PCL. This was plausibly attributed to the coupling between the crystallization and the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the PEO/PCL mixture dispersed in the PS matrix during non-isothermal cooling of the blend nanofibers. Furthermore, it was observed that thermal treatment of the PS/PEO/PCL blend nanofibers above the glass transition temperature of PS further promoted the heterogeneous nucleation-initiated crystallization of PEO because of a complex interplay between Plateau-Rayleigh instability-induced domain breakup and its further coalescence and demixing within the PEO/PCL domains embedded in the PS matrix.
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The thermal breakup of electrospun fibers technique has been successfully employed for PEO, PVDF, and PBA to investigate homogeneous/surface nucleation or fractionated crystallization, even without compatibilizers.
“The above-described technique has been successfully employed for other polymeric materials, such as PEO [ 64 , 65 ], PVDF [ 66 , 67 ], PBA [68] , in order to investigate homogeneous/surface nucleation or fractionated crystallization, even without the addition of compatibilizers.”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Samanta, P., Srivastava, R., Nandan, B., & Chen, H.-L.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IN)
- National Tsing Hua University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Nandan, Bhanu
- Chen, Hsin-Lung
- Venue
- Soft Matter
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1569-1582
- ISSN
- 1744-683X (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6848
- OpenAlex
- W2575281759
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soft Matter (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Keywords
- crystallization behavior, electrospun nanofibers, polystyrene, poly(ethylene oxide), polycaprolactone, ternary polymer blends, heterogeneous nucleation, homogeneous nucleation, liquid-liquid phase separation, Rayleigh-Plateau instability, confinement effects, phase segregation, annealing, polymer nanofibers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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