Microextrusion printing cell-laden networks of type I collagen with patterned fiber alignment and geometry
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Abstract
Type I collagen self-assembles into three-dimensional (3D) fibrous networks. These dynamic viscoelastic materials can be remodeled in response to mechanical and chemical signals to form anisotropic networks, the structure of which influences tissue development, homeostasis, and disease progression. Conventional approaches for fabricating anisotropic networks of type I collagen are often limited to unidirectional fiber alignment over small areas. Here, we describe a new approach for engineering cell-laden networks of aligned type I collagen fibers using 3D microextrusion printing of a collagen-Matrigel ink. We demonstrate hierarchical control of 3D-printed collagen with the ability to spatially pattern collagen fiber alignment and geometry. Our data suggest that collagen alignment results from a combination of molecular crowding in the ink and shear and extensional flows present during 3D printing. We demonstrate that human breast cancer cells cultured on 3D-printed collagen constructs orient along the direction of collagen fiber alignment. We also demonstrate the ability to simultaneously bioprint epithelial cell clusters and control the alignment and geometry of collagen fibers surrounding cells in the bioink. The resulting cell-laden constructs consist of epithelial cell clusters fully embedded in aligned networks of collagen fibers. Such 3D-printed constructs can be used for studies of developmental biology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Electrospinning or 3D microextrusion printing enable production of highly aligned collagen sheets or hydrogels with spaces estimated 2-20 μm between aligned fibrils.
“Furthermore, techniques such as electrospinning or 3D microextrusion printing enable the production of highly aligned collagen sheets, or hydrogels with spaces an estimated 2-20 μm between aligned fibrils [34,35].”
From Cancer-on-chip models for metastasis: importance of the tumor microenvironment (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Nerger, B. A., Brun, P.-T., & Nelson, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nelson, Celeste M.
- Venue
- Soft Matter
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- 5728-5738
- ISSN
- 1744-683X (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6848
- PMC
- PMC6639139
- OpenAlex
- W2954261474
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Soft Matter (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HL118532, HL120142, CA187692)
- National Science Foundation (CMMI-1435853)
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
- Princeton University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (55108548)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- type I collagen, collagen fiber alignment, cell-laden constructs, breast cancer cells, macromolecular crowding, tissue engineering scaffolds, regenerative medicine
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