The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise: its role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease control
Abstract
Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is a feature of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise offers protection against all-cause mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance and there is evidence that physical training is effective as a treatment in patients with chronic heart diseases and type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise induces anti-inflammatory actions. During exercise, IL-6 (interleukin-6) is produced by muscle fibres. IL-6 stimulates the appearance in the circulation of other anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ra (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) and IL-10 (interleukin-10) and inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha). In addition, IL-6 enhances lipid turnover, stimulating lipolysis as well as fat oxidation. It is suggested that regular exercise induces suppression of TNF-alpha and thereby offers protection against TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance. Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine, that is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibres, exerting its effects in other organs of the body. Myokines may be involved in mediating the beneficial health effects against chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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In the citing paper
“6 weeks of n-3 PUFA supplementation prevented adipose tissue inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (647)”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [647]
In the citing paper
“Physical inactivity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, not least when a physical inactive lifestyle is associated with obesity (29, 142, 144, 145, 207-210).”
From Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines (2020) · cites this paper as [210]
In the citing paper
“Interleukin-6 is most often classified as a proinflammatory cytokine, although data also suggest that IL-6 and IL-6-regulated acute phase proteins are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive, and may negatively regulate the acute-phase response [20].”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“In particular, the long-term effect of exercise may to some extent be ascribed to the anti-inflammatory response elicited by an acute bout of exercise, which is partly mediated by muscle-derived IL-6 [8, 20, 81].”
From Exercise as a Mean to Control Low‐Grade Systemic Inflammation (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
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The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise
Petersen, A. M. W., & Pedersen, B. K. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004 · Cited by 3,100
Self-citationTaylor, R. S., Brown, A., Ebrahim, S., Jolliffe, J., Noorani, H., Rees, K., Skidmore, B., Stone, J. A., Thompson, D. R., & Oldridge, N. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009 · Cited by 2,239
Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes
Dandona, P. (2004) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2003.10.013 · Cited by 2,170
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Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ
Pedersen, B. K., & Febbraio, M. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.49 · Cited by 2,909
Self-citationMuscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6
Pedersen, B. K., & Febbraio, M. A. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.90100.2007 · Cited by 2,388
Self-citationExercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation
Cotman, C. W., Berchtold, N. C., & Christie, L.-A. (2007) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.06.011 · Cited by 2,268
Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines
Severinsen, M. C. K., & Pedersen, B. K. (2020) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa016 · Cited by 1,226
“The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise Physical inactivity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, not least when a physical inactive lifestyle is associated with obesity (29, 142, 144, 145, 207-210).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
Calder, P. C., Ahluwalia, N., Brouns, F., Buetler, T., Clement, K., Cunningham, K., Esposito, K., Jönsson, L. S., Kolb, H., Lansink, M., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005460 · Cited by 1,098
Metadata
- Authors
- Pedersen, B. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Pedersen, Bente Klarlund
- Venue
- Essays in Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2006-11-27
- Volume
- 42
- Pages
- 105-117
- ISSN
- 0071-1365 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-1358
- OpenAlex
- W2103550756
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Essays in Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- physical activity, anti-inflammatory activity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, low-grade inflammation, interleukin-6, myokines, skeletal muscle, TNF-α, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, lipid turnover, lipolysis, fat oxidation
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Models, Biological, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Exercise, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Atherosclerosis
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