Environmental epigenomics: understanding the effects of parental care on the epigenome
Abstract
An organism’s behavioural and physiological and social milieu influence and are influenced by the epigenome, which is comprised predominantly of chromatin and the covalent modification of DNA by methylation. Epigenetic patterns are sculpted during development to shape the diversity of gene expression programmes in the organism. In contrast with the genetic sequence, which is determined by inheritance and is virtually identical in all tissues, the epigenetic pattern varies from cell type to cell type and is potentially dynamic throughout life. It is postulated that different environmental exposures could effect epigenetic patterns relevant for human behaviour. Because epigenetic programming defines the state of expression of genes, epigenetic differences could have the same consequences as genetic polymorphisms. Yet in contrast with genetic sequence differences, epigenetic alterations are potentially reversible. In the present chapter, we will discuss evidence that epigenetic processes early in life play a role in defining inter-individual trajectories of behaviour, with implications for mental health in adulthood.
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Genetic and environmental influences, together with epigenetic regulation of gene expression, shape the mechanisms of ageing.
“These complex ageing mechanisms are influenced by underlying genetic and environmental factors (10) in combination with epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate the differential expression of genes in cells and may be especially important in ageing (11, 12).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- McGowan, P. O., & Szyf, M.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill University, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
- ORCID
- McGowan, Patrick O.
- Venue
- Essays in Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2010-09-20
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 275-287
- ISSN
- 0071-1365 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-1358
- OpenAlex
- W2073246253
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Essays in Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Keywords
- parental care, epigenome, DNA methylation, chromatin, early life exposure, mental health, gene expression regulation, epigenetic programming
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Exposure, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Parents, DNA Methylation, Genomics
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