Cited by 140Advanced Glycation End Products researchPotato Plant ResearchGlycosylation and Glycoproteins Research

Dicarbonyl proteome and genome damage in metabolic and vascular disease

Rabbani, Naila, Thornalley, Paul J.·2014·Biochemical Society Transactions

Abstract

Methylglyoxal is a potent protein-glycating agent. It is an arginine-directed glycating agent and often modifies functionally important sites in proteins. Glycation forms mainly MG-H1 [Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)ornithine] residues. MG-H1 content of proteins is quantified by stable isotopic dilution analysis-MS/MS and also by immunoblotting with specific monoclonal antibodies. Methylglyoxal-modified proteins undergo cellular proteolysis and release MG-H1 free adduct for excretion. MG-H1 residues have been found in proteins of animals, plants, bacteria, fungi and protoctista. MG-H1 is often the major advanced glycation end-product in proteins of tissues and body fluids, increasing in diabetes and associated vascular complications, renal failure, cirrhosis, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, Parkinson's disease and aging. Proteins susceptible to methylglyoxal modification with related functional impairment are called the DCP (dicarbonyl proteome). The DCP includes albumin, haemoglobin, transcription factors, mitochondrial proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lens crystallins and others. DCP component proteins are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes and aging, oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, cell detachment and anoikis and apoptosis. Methylglyoxal also modifies DNA where deoxyguanosine residues are modified to imidazopurinone MGdG {3-(2'-deoxyribosyl)-6,7-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-6/7-methylimidazo-[2,3-b]purine-9(8)one} isomers. MGdG was the major quantitative adduct detected in vivo. It was linked to frequency of DNA strand breaks and increased markedly during apoptosis induced by a cell-permeant glyoxalase I inhibitor. Glyoxalase I metabolizes >99% methylglyoxal and thereby protects the proteome and genome. Gene deletion of GLO1 is embryonically lethal and GLO1 silencing increases methylglyoxal concentration, MG-H1 and MGdG, premature aging and disease. Studies of methylglyoxal glycation have importance for human health, longevity and treatment of disease.

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Crossref · 10.1042/bst20140018

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  • At high levels, reactive metabolites become toxic and kill cells through damage to the proteome and genome.

    “While elevation of reactive metabolites can support oncogenesis in some contexts (Arnold et al., 2001; Irani et al., 1997; Suh et al., 1999; Weinberg et al., 2010), at high levels reactive metabolites become toxic and kill cells due to the resulting damage to the proteome and genome (Karisch et al., 2011; Rabbani and Thornalley, 2014).”

    From Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Rabbani and Thornalley, 2014

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Authors
Rabbani, N., & Thornalley, P. J.
Affiliations
University Hospital Coventry (GB)
Corresponding author
Rabbani, Naila
Venue
Biochemical Society Transactions
Published
2014-03-20
Volume
42
Issue
2
Pages
425-432
ISSN
  • 0300-5127 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8752
OpenAlex
W2082154183
Cited by
140
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 2
FWCI
2.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Biochemical Society Transactions (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • British Heart Foundation
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/G005699/1)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Keywords
methylglyoxal, advanced glycation end products, protein glycation, MG-H1, DNA adducts, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, glyoxalase I, mitochondrial dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, aging, vascular disease, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA strand breaks
MeSH terms
Animals, DNA Damage, Humans, Lactoylglutathione Lyase, Pyruvaldehyde, Proteome

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