Dissociations Among Attention, Perception, and Awareness During Object-Substitution Masking

Woodman, Geoffrey F.; Luck, Steven J.

doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1472.x

Cited by 203Visual perception and processing mechanismsVisual Attention and Saliency DetectionNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Dissociations Among Attention, Perception, and Awareness During Object-Substitution Masking

Woodman, Geoffrey F., Luck, Steven J.·2003·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1472.x

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Abstract

When a visual target object is surrounded by four dots that onset at the same time as the target but remain visible after the target terminates, the four dots dramatically impair target discrimination performance. This phenomenon is called object-substitution masking, reflecting the hypothesis that both the target and the four dots are identified, but the representation of the four dots replaces the representation of the target object before the target can be reported. The present study used the event-related potential technique to demonstrate that a target masked in this manner is identified by the visual system and triggers a shift of attention. However, by the time attention is shifted to the target, only the mask remains visible, leading to impaired behavioral detection performance. These findings support the object-substitution hypothesis and provide new evidence that perception, attention, and awareness can be dissociated.

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When people are unaware of a visual stimulus, they can still sometimes direct attention to it.
“When people are unaware of a visual stimulus, they can still sometimes focus processing resources on it. They can direct attention to it (McCormick, 1997; Lamme, 2003; Woodman and Luck, 2003; Ansorge and Heumann, 2006; Tsushima et al., 2006; Kentridge et al., 2008; Hsieh et al., 2011; Norman et al., 2013).”
From The Attention Schema Theory: A Foundation for Engineering Artificial Consciousness (2017) · cites this paper as Woodman and Luck, 2003

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Authors: Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
University of Iowa (US)
Corresponding author: Woodman, Geoffrey F.
ORCID: Woodman, Geoffrey F.
Luck, Steven J.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2003-11
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Pages: 605-611
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1472.x
OpenAlex: W2010895162
Cited by: 203
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 2.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH012995, R01 MH 63001, F31 MH12995-01, R01MH063001, R01MH65034, R01MH065034)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: object substitution masking, attentional shift, visual perception, visual awareness, object identification, target detection, event-related potentials, visual masking
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Auditory Perception, Awareness, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Noise, Perceptual Masking, Time Factors, Visual Perception

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Dissociations Among Attention, Perception, and Awareness During Object-Substitution Masking

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