Validation of the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in general practice database studies
Open accessAbstract
Aims The study was conducted to determine whether the method for selecting cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) from general practice databases significantly affected the findings of an epidemiological study. Methods Cases of VTE were identified from the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) by searching for codes for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). These had to be supported by evidence of anticoagulation and be exposed to a combined oral contraceptive (COC) at the time of the event. Additional information about the event was sought from general practitioners who were requested to complete a questionnaire and to supply anonymised copies of hospital letters and discharge summaries. Results Of the 285 cases identified from the GPRD, additional information was available for 177 VTE events. This information showed that 84% of those events were supported by hospital investigations or a death certificate. Using only verified cases, rather than all GPRD identified events, did not alter the results of the epidemiological study. Conclusions The GPRD provides information of sufficiently high quality to allow valid epidemiological research of VTE events. Excluding cases without a database record of hospital admission would lead to valid events being overlooked, and an under‐estimate of the disease incidence.
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Two other approaches to assessing correctness were using corrections seen in log files as a proxy for correctness, and comparing data on the same patients from a registry and an EHR.
“Two other approaches to were using corrections seen in log files as a proxy for correctness,73 and comparing data on the same patients from a registry and an EHR.90”
From Methods and dimensions of electronic health record data quality assessment: enabling reuse for clinical research (2013) · cites this paper as [90]
The Methods section (page not available) describes checking cases identified in a general-practice database against information from the same patients’ doctors, including hospital letters and discharge summaries. This supports comparing patient records to assess correctness, but the paper does not describe a comparison between a registry and an EHR. The log-file approach is attached to a different citation and is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Walker, A. J., West, J., Card, T. R., Humes, D. J., & Grainge, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12533 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Smeeth, L. L., Hall, A. J., Fombonne, E. J., Rodrigues, L. C., Huang, X., & Smith, P. G. (2001) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-1-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
5α-Reductase Inhibitors and the Risk of Cancer-Related Mortality in Men With Prostate Cancer
Azoulay, L., Eberg, M., Benayoun, S., & Pollak, M. (2015) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0387 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Risk of venous thromboembolism in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a UK matched cohort study
Galloway, J. B., Barrett, K. J., Irving, P. M., Khavandi, K., Nijher, M., Nicholson, R., de Lusignan, S., & Buch, M. H. (2020) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001392 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Use of electronic patient records for research: views of patients and staff in general practice
Stevenson, F. A., Lloyd, N., Harrington, L., & Wallace, P. (2012) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cms069 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Azoulay, L., Dell’Aniello, S., Simon, T. A., Renoux, C., & Suissa, S. (2013) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th12-08-0542 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sultan, A. A., West, J., Stephansson, O., Grainge, M. J., Tata, L. J., Fleming, K. M., Humes, D. J., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008864 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ingeman, Johnsen, S. P., Andersen, G., & Hundborg (2010) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s8908 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Use of Aspirin and the Risk of Mortality in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Assayag, J., Pollak, M., & Azoulay, L. (2014) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.11.018 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nazarzadeh, M., Bidel, Z., Mohseni, H., Canoy, D., Pinho‐Gomes, A., Hassaïne, A., Dehghan, A., Trégouët, D., Smith, N. L., & Rahimi, K. (2022) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac135 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Little, I., Vinogradova, Y., Orton, E., Kai, J., & Qureshi, N. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012665 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The use of atypical antipsychotics and the risk of breast cancer
Azoulay, L., Yin, H., Renoux, C., & Suissa, S. (2011) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1506-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Use of hormonal contraceptive methods by women with diabetes
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Self-citationConcurrent use of tamoxifen with CYP2D6 inhibitors and the risk of breast cancer recurrence
Azoulay, L., Dell’Aniello, S., Huiart, L., du Fort, G. G., & Suissa, S. (2010) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-010-1162-y · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lawrenson, R., Todd, J. ‐., Leydon, G. M., Williams, T. J., & Farmer, R. D. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lawrenson, R.
- Venue
- British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 591-596
- ISSN
- 0306-5251 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2125
- PMC
- PMC2015047
- OpenAlex
- W1707746270
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Keywords
- venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, case selection, case validation, Clinical Practice Research Datalink, anticoagulation, combined oral contraceptives, hospitalization, disease incidence, general practice records
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anticoagulants, Contraceptives, Oral, Combined, Family Practice, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Thromboembolism, Reproducibility of Results, Epidemiologic Studies, Case-Control Studies, Databases, Factual
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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