CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 133Pancreatic function and diabetesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Insulin: new roles for an ancient hormone

Ferrannini, Galvan, Gastaldelli, Camastra, Sironi, Toschi, Baldi, Frascerra +6 more·1999·European Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00536.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent research has greatly expanded the domain of insulin action. The classical action of insulin is the control of glucose metabolism through the dual feedback loop linking plasma insulin with plasma glucose concentrations. This canon has been revised to incorporate the impact of insulin resistance or insulin deficiency, both of which alter glucose homeostasis through maladaptive responses (namely, chronic hyperinsulinaemia and glucose toxicity). A large body of knowledge is available on the physiology, cellular biology and molecular genetics of insulin action on glucose production and uptake. More recently, a number of newer actions of insulin have been delineated from in vitro and in vivo studies. In sensitive individuals, insulin inhibits lipolysis and platelet aggregation. In the presence of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hyper‐aggregation and anti‐fibrinolysis may create a pro‐thrombotic milieu. Preliminary evidence indicates that hyperinsulinaemia per se may be pro‐oxidant both in vitro and in vivo. Insulin plays a role in mediating diet‐induced thermogenesis, and insulin resistance may therefore be implicated in the defective thermogenesis of diabetes. In the kidney, insulin spares sodium and uric acid from excretion; in chronic hyperinsulinaemic states, these effects may contribute to high blood pressure and hyperuricaemia. Insulin hyperpolarises the plasma membranes of both excitable and non‐excitable tissues, with consequences ranging from baroreceptor desensitisation to cardiac refractoriness (prolongation of QT interval). Under some circumstances insulin is vasodilatory—the mechanism involving both the sodium‐potassium pump and intracellular calcium transients. Finally, by crossing the blood–brain barrier insulin exerts a host a central effects (sympatho‐excitation, vagal withdrawal, stimulation of corticotropin releasing factor), collectively resembling a stress reaction. Description and understanding of these new roles, their interactions, the interplay between insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, and their implications for cardiovascular disease have only begun.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00536.x

Cites

71 of 71 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Insulin can affect thermogenesis by increasing substrate uptake by BAT and increasing hypothalamic-mediated sympathetic activity.

    “Insulin can affect thermogenesis by increasing substrate uptake by BAT and increasing hypothalamic-mediated sympathetic activity 71, both of which may be connected to the thermic effect of food 72.”

    From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [71]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Ferrannini, Galvan, Gastaldelli, Camastra, Sironi, Toschi, Baldi, Frascerra, Monzani, Antonelli, Nannipieri, Mari, Seghieri, & Natali
Affiliations
University of Pisa (IT)
Corresponding author
Ferrannini
Venue
European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1999-10
Volume
29
Issue
10
Pages
842-852
ISSN
  • 0014-2972 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2362
DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00536.x
OpenAlex
W1983609770
Cited by
133
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI
3.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 815 d)
Locations
  • European Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
insulin, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose homeostasis, glucotoxicity, lipolysis, platelet aggregation, dyslipidemia, pro-oxidant activity, thermogenesis, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, hyperuricemia, cardiac refractoriness, QT interval, vasodilation, Na+/K+-ATPase, calcium transients, blood-brain barrier, stress response, cardiovascular disease
MeSH terms
Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Glucose, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Lipolysis, Models, Biological, Platelet Aggregation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review