The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer
Open accessAbstract
Abstract. Kuper H, Adami H‐O & Trichopoulos D (Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Athens Medical School, Greece). Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer (Internal Medicine in the 21st Century). J Intern Med 2000; 248: 171–183. Infections may be responsible for over 15% of all malignancies worldwide. Important mechanisms by which infectious agents may induce carcinogenesis include the production of chronic inflammation, the transformation of cells by insertion of oncogenes and inhibition of tumour suppressors, and the induction of immunosuppression. Common characteristics shared by infectious agents linked to malignancies are that they are persistent in the host, often highly prevalent in the host population and induce cancer after a long latency. The associations between a selection of infectious agents and malignancies are covered in detail.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Tumour cells produce various cytokines and chemokines that attract leukocytes.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The Gram-negative bacterium H. pylori is established as a definite carcinogen for the development of gastric cancer — the second most common type of cancer globally11,29 — and DNA damage resulting from chronic inflammation is believed the mechanism32.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Genetic and functional experiments indicate that neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils and activated T lymphocytes also contribute to malignancies by releasing extracellular proteases, pro-angiogenic factors and chemokines11,23–26.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that many malignancies are initiated by infections11,27–29 (Table 1) — upwards of 15% of malignancies worldwide can be attributed to infections, a global total of 1.2 million cases per year11.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that many malignancies are initiated by infections11,27–29 (Table 1) — upwards of 15% of malignancies worldwide can be attributed to infections, a global total of 1.2 million cases per year11.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Zuckerman, A. J. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.48.7.691-a · Cited by 8,766
The environment and disease: association or causation?
Hill, A. B. (2015) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076814562718 · Cited by 7,804
The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?
Hill, A. B. (1965) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576505800503 · Cited by 6,974
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994
Alter, M. J., Kruszon‐Moran, D., Nainan, O. V., McQuillan, G. M., Gao, F., Moyer, L. A., Kaslow, R. A., & Margolis, H. S. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908193410802 · Cited by 2,973
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Beasley, R. P., Lin, C., Hwang, L., & Chien, C. (1981) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)90585-7 · Cited by 2,856
Association of Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 E6 Proteins with p53
Werness, B. A., Levine, A. J., & Howley, P. M. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2157286 · Cited by 2,562
Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases
Uchiyama, T., Yodoi, J., Sagawa, K., Takatsuki, K., & Uchino, H. (1977) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v50.3.481.bloodjournal503481 · Cited by 2,315
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Lymphoma
Parsonnet, J., Hansen, S., Rodríguez, L. V., Gelb, A. B., Warnke, R. A., Jellum, E., Orentreich∥, N., Vogelman∥, J. H., & FRIEDMAN, G. D. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199405053301803 · Cited by 1,826
Miyoshi, I., Kubonishi, I., Yoshimoto, S., Akagi, T., Ohtsuki, Y., Shiraishi, Y., Nagata, K., & Hinuma, Y. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/294770a0 · Cited by 1,402
Papillomaviruses Causing Cancer: Evasion From Host-Cell Control in Early Events in Carcinogenesis
Hausen, H. Z. (2000) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.9.690 · Cited by 1,297
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Parsonnet J., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 3
- Zur Hausen H., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 107
- IARC, Hepatitis viruses., 1994, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans.
- Robinson WS., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 232
- Chung RT, 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 267
- IARC, Infections with Epstein–Barr virus, human herpes viruses., 1997, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans., 70
- Pagona JS., 1975, Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on quantitative biology: tumor viruses, XXIX, 797
- Chang Y., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 207
- Newton R, 1999, Infections and Human Cancer., 237
- IARC. Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter Pylori., 1994, Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans no. 61.
- Danesh J., 1999, Infections and Human Cancer., 263
- EkströmA‐M.Factors related to the occurence of gastrric adenocarcinoma subtypes.Doctoral Dissertation Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet 2000.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–738 of 738
Martín‐Oliva, D., Muñoz‐Gámez, J. A., Aguilar‐Quesada, R., de Almodóvar, M. R., & Javier, F. (2006) · Universidad Industrial de Santander
Kısmalı, G., Üner, A. G., Meral, Ö., Alpay, M., Salmanoğlu, B., Çakır, D. Ü., Kosova, F., & Sel, T. (2019) · Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.33988/auvfd.521040
Renal infections in cancer patients
Malhotra, P., Gautam‐Goyal, P., & Epstein, M. E. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54945-5.00045-x
Taste Sensation And Its Alteration In Cancer
Babu, N., Malathi, L., Roshini, A. M. S. C., & Rajesh, E. (2020) · European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine
Yang, Y., She, S., Yang, M. H., Li, S. Y., Hu, H. D., & Ren, H. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1037024/v1
Gastrointestinal tumors and infectious agents: A wide field to explore
López-Gómez, M., de Santiago, B. G., López, P. D. D., Malmierca, E., González‐Olmedo, J., Gómez-Raposo, C., Sandoval, C., Ruíz-Seco, P., Escribano, N., Gómez-Cerezo, J. F., et al. (2021) · World Journal of Meta-Analysis · doi:10.13105/wjma.v9.i6.505
Protective Role of Pomegranate in ROS-Induced Prostate Cancer
Chakraborti, T., Roychowdhury, D., Shaikh, S., Nandy, S. K., & Chakraborti, S. (2021) · Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1247-3_227-1
Physical Activity Before and After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Harriss, D., Cable, N. T., George, K., Reilly, T. P., Renehan, A. G., & Haboubi, N. Y. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1173-5_9
Cancer and Immune System: Systematic Review
AYTAÇ, A., & Barutça, S. (2022) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.5336/intermed.2021-87901
Yeo, M., Han, S., Nam, K. T., Kim, D.-Y., Cho, S. W., & Hahm, K. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420028256-18
Protective Role of Pomegranate in ROS-Induced Prostate Cancer
Chakraborti, T., Roychowdhury, D., Shaikh, S., Nandy, S. K., & Chakraborti, S. (2022) · Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5422-0_227
Liu, J. (2023) · International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences · doi:10.54097/ijbls.v1i1.4603
Next-Generation Molecular Markers: Challenges, Applications and Future Perspectives
Verma, M., Barh, D., & Hassan, S. S. (2019) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781782628217-00494
Rihane, F. E., Erguibi, D., Chehab, F., & Ennaji, M. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824152-3.00009-3
Advanced drug delivery system for treating inflammation
Bishnoi, A., Chanda, S., Bonde, G. V., & Tiwari, R. K. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99988-5.00009-7
Xiao, Y., Xu, D., Jiang, C., Li, H., Liu, J., Huili, Y., Nie, S., Cao, F., & Guan, X. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3001675/v1
Kashyap, A. K., Bisoyi, P., & Jain, B. P. (2023) · Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy · doi:10.13189/app.2023.110301
Gao, C., LIN, X., Wu, Y., & Liu, H. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3069204/v1
Vitamin D, inflammation, and cancer
Kállay, E., Schepelmann, M., & Buburuzan, L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91338-6.00037-9
Correlation between Inflammation Index and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer
张, 志. (2023) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2023.13122760
Stasi, V. D., Contaldo, A., Birtolo, L. I., & Shahini, E. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16193432
Tejerina-Miranda, S., Gamella, M., Pedrero, M., Montero‐Calle, A., Pingarrón, J. M., Barderas, R., & Campuzano, S. (2025) · Analysis & Sensing · doi:10.1002/anse.202500014
Frank, A., Correa-Méndez, M., Livinski, A. A., Duncan, K., Clark, E. H., & Gravitt, P. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.25330736
Captopril reduces liver cytotoxicity in a murine model of Plasmodium chabaudi infection
Ventura, P. D. D. S., de Souza, D. V., Aguiar, A. C. C., Carvalho, C. P. F., Ribeiro, D. A., Nagaoka, M. R., & Gazarini, M. L. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2025.104801
Peters, S. (2014) · University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) · doi:10.5283/epub.29943
Rasoulian, J. (2012) · Journal of Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis · doi:10.4172/2157-2518.1000131
Castoldi, L. (2007) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Additional file 1 of Exploration of lung mycobiome in the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Zhao, Y., Yi, J., Xiang, J., Jia, W., Chen, A., Chen, L., Zheng, L., Zhou, W., Wu, M., Yu, Z., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22619464
Xu, X., Lei, Y., Chen, L., 周浩雄, Liu, H., Jiang, J., Yang, Y., & Wu, B. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15153805
Xu, X., Lei, Y., Chen, L., 周浩雄, Liu, H., Jiang, J., Yang, Y., & Wu, B. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15153802
Xu, X., Lei, Y., Chen, L., 周浩雄, Liu, H., Jiang, J., Yang, Y., & Wu, B. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15153799
Integrated analysis and clinical impact of immune and stromal microenvironments in solid tumors
Petitprez, F. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/cea357bazafbaz4eaaz94e5zc5f644de5018
Dendritic Cells Inflammatory Signature Induced by Microbial Pathogens
Foti, M., Beretta, O., Pelizzola, M., & Ricciardi‐Castagnoli, P. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527611614.ch19
The Role of Host-Tumor Interactions In Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer
Zhang, Y. (2013) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)
TGF-β at the Crossroads Between Inflammation, Suppression and Cancer
McCartney-Francis, N. L., & Wahl, S. M. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-293-9_34
Metadata
- Authors
- Kuper, H., Adami, H. ‐., & Trichopoulos, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 248
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 171-183
- ISSN
- 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2796
- OpenAlex
- W2159454395
- Cited by
- 740
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- infection, cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation, oncogenes, tumour suppressor, immunosuppression, persistent infection, tumor latency
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Clonorchiasis, Humans, Neoplasms, Primary Prevention, Schistosomiasis, Virus Diseases, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter Infections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review