The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer
Open accessAbstract
Abstract. Kuper H, Adami H‐O & Trichopoulos D (Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Athens Medical School, Greece). Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer (Internal Medicine in the 21st Century). J Intern Med 2000; 248: 171–183. Infections may be responsible for over 15% of all malignancies worldwide. Important mechanisms by which infectious agents may induce carcinogenesis include the production of chronic inflammation, the transformation of cells by insertion of oncogenes and inhibition of tumour suppressors, and the induction of immunosuppression. Common characteristics shared by infectious agents linked to malignancies are that they are persistent in the host, often highly prevalent in the host population and induce cancer after a long latency. The associations between a selection of infectious agents and malignancies are covered in detail.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Tumour cells produce various cytokines and chemokines that attract leukocytes.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The Gram-negative bacterium H. pylori is established as a definite carcinogen for the development of gastric cancer — the second most common type of cancer globally11,29 — and DNA damage resulting from chronic inflammation is believed the mechanism32.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Genetic and functional experiments indicate that neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils and activated T lymphocytes also contribute to malignancies by releasing extracellular proteases, pro-angiogenic factors and chemokines11,23–26.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that many malignancies are initiated by infections11,27–29 (Table 1) — upwards of 15% of malignancies worldwide can be attributed to infections, a global total of 1.2 million cases per year11.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that many malignancies are initiated by infections11,27–29 (Table 1) — upwards of 15% of malignancies worldwide can be attributed to infections, a global total of 1.2 million cases per year11.”
From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Zuckerman, A. J. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.48.7.691-a · Cited by 8,766
The environment and disease: association or causation?
Hill, A. B. (2015) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076814562718 · Cited by 7,804
The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?
Hill, A. B. (1965) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576505800503 · Cited by 6,974
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994
Alter, M. J., Kruszon‐Moran, D., Nainan, O. V., McQuillan, G. M., Gao, F., Moyer, L. A., Kaslow, R. A., & Margolis, H. S. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908193410802 · Cited by 2,973
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Beasley, R. P., Lin, C., Hwang, L., & Chien, C. (1981) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)90585-7 · Cited by 2,856
Association of Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 E6 Proteins with p53
Werness, B. A., Levine, A. J., & Howley, P. M. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2157286 · Cited by 2,562
Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases
Uchiyama, T., Yodoi, J., Sagawa, K., Takatsuki, K., & Uchino, H. (1977) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v50.3.481.bloodjournal503481 · Cited by 2,315
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Lymphoma
Parsonnet, J., Hansen, S., Rodríguez, L. V., Gelb, A. B., Warnke, R. A., Jellum, E., Orentreich∥, N., Vogelman∥, J. H., & FRIEDMAN, G. D. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199405053301803 · Cited by 1,826
Miyoshi, I., Kubonishi, I., Yoshimoto, S., Akagi, T., Ohtsuki, Y., Shiraishi, Y., Nagata, K., & Hinuma, Y. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/294770a0 · Cited by 1,402
Papillomaviruses Causing Cancer: Evasion From Host-Cell Control in Early Events in Carcinogenesis
Hausen, H. Z. (2000) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.9.690 · Cited by 1,297
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Parsonnet J., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 3
- Zur Hausen H., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 107
- IARC, Hepatitis viruses., 1994, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans.
- Robinson WS., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 232
- Chung RT, 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 267
- IARC, Infections with Epstein–Barr virus, human herpes viruses., 1997, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans., 70
- Pagona JS., 1975, Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on quantitative biology: tumor viruses, XXIX, 797
- Chang Y., 1999, Microbes and Malignancy., 207
- Newton R, 1999, Infections and Human Cancer., 237
- IARC. Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter Pylori., 1994, Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans no. 61.
- Danesh J., 1999, Infections and Human Cancer., 263
- EkströmA‐M.Factors related to the occurence of gastrric adenocarcinoma subtypes.Doctoral Dissertation Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet 2000.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Coussens, L. M., & Werb, Z. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01322 · Cited by 15,111
Nuclear factor-κB in cancer development and progression
Karin, M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04870 · Cited by 3,519
Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis
Pollard, J. W. (2004) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1256 · Cited by 3,414
NF-κB: linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression
Karin, M., & Greten, F. R. (2005) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1703 · Cited by 3,175
NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age
Taniguchi, K., & Karin, M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.142 · Cited by 2,679
Metadata
- Authors
- Kuper, H., Adami, H. ‐., & Trichopoulos, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 248
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 171-183
- ISSN
- 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2796
- OpenAlex
- W2159454395
- Cited by
- 740
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- infection, cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation, oncogenes, tumour suppressor, immunosuppression, persistent infection, tumor latency
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Clonorchiasis, Humans, Neoplasms, Primary Prevention, Schistosomiasis, Virus Diseases, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter Infections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
