CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 740Viral-associated cancers and disordersCervical Cancer and HPV ResearchHead and Neck Cancer Studies

Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer

Open access
Kuper, H., Adami, H.‐O., Trichopoulos, D.·2000·Journal of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00742.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Abstract. Kuper H, Adami H‐O & Trichopoulos D (Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Athens Medical School, Greece). Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer (Internal Medicine in the 21st Century). J Intern Med 2000; 248: 171–183. Infections may be responsible for over 15% of all malignancies worldwide. Important mechanisms by which infectious agents may induce carcinogenesis include the production of chronic inflammation, the transformation of cells by insertion of oncogenes and inhibition of tumour suppressors, and the induction of immunosuppression. Common characteristics shared by infectious agents linked to malignancies are that they are persistent in the host, often highly prevalent in the host population and induce cancer after a long latency. The associations between a selection of infectious agents and malignancies are covered in detail.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00742.x

Cites

110 of 110 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation.

    “Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation.”

    From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]

  • Tumour cells produce various cytokines and chemokines that attract leukocytes.

    “Tumour cells produce various cytokines and chemokines that attract leukocytes.”

    From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]

  • H. pylori is established as a definite carcinogen for the development of gastric cancer, the second most common type of cancer globally, and DNA damage resulting from chronic inflammation is believed the mechanism.

    “The Gram-negative bacterium H. pylori is established as a definite carcinogen for the development of gastric cancer — the second most common type of cancer globally11,29 — and DNA damage resulting from chronic inflammation is believed the mechanism32.”

    From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]

  • Neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils and activated T lymphocytes also contribute to malignancies by releasing extracellular proteases, pro-angiogenic factors and chemokines.

    “Genetic and functional experiments indicate that neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils and activated T lymphocytes also contribute to malignancies by releasing extracellular proteases, pro-angiogenic factors and chemokines11,23–26.”

    From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]

  • Upwards of 15% of malignancies worldwide can be attributed to infections, a global total of 1.2 million cases per year.

    “Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that many malignancies are initiated by infections11,27–29 (Table 1) — upwards of 15% of malignancies worldwide can be attributed to infections, a global total of 1.2 million cases per year11.”

    From Inflammation and cancer (2002) · cites this paper as [11]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. 1 Parsonnet J. Introduction. In: Parsonnet J, ed. Microbes and Malignancy. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999: pp. 3-15.
  2. 7 zur Hausen H. Viral oncogenesis. In: Parsonnet J, ed. Microbes and Malignancy. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999: pp. 107-30.
  3. 10 Maddrey WC. Hepatitis B: an important public health issue. J Med Virol 2000; 61 : 362-6.
  4. 13 IARC, Hepatitis viruses. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon, France : IARC. 1994: Vol. 59.
  5. 22 Uchida T, Takahashi K, Tatsuno K, Dhingra U, Eliason JF. Inhibition of hepatitis-B-virus core promoter by p53: implications for carcinogenesis in hepatocytes. Int J Cancer 1996; 67 : 892-7.
  6. 27 Pitot HC. The natural history of neoplastic development: the relation of experimental models to human cancers. Cancer 1982; 49 : 1206-11.
  7. 73 Chang Y. KSHM, Kaposi's Sarcoma, and Related Lymphoproliferative Disorders. In: Parsonnet J, ed. Microbes and Malignancy. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999: pp. 207-31.
  8. 92 Danesh J. Is Helicobacter pylori Infection a Cause of Gastric Neoplasia? In: Newton R, Beral V, Weiss RA, eds. Infections and Human Cancer. Plainview: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 1999: pp. 263-90.
  9. 95 Ekstro ¨m A-M. Factors related to the occurence of gastrric adenocarcinoma subtypes. Doctoral Dissertation, Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet, 2000.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Kuper, H., Adami, H. ‐., & Trichopoulos, D.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Internal Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2000-09
Volume
248
Issue
3
Pages
171-183
ISSN
  • 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2796
DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00742.x
OpenAlex
W2159454395
Cited by
740
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 30
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 480 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
Keywords
infection, cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation, oncogenes, tumour suppressor, immunosuppression, persistent infection, tumor latency
MeSH terms
Animals, Clonorchiasis, Humans, Neoplasms, Primary Prevention, Schistosomiasis, Virus Diseases, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter Infections

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review