The Effect of Stressor Controllability on Stress‐Induced Neuropeptide mRNA Expression within the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
Open accessAbstract
Many stressors elicit changes in corticotrophin (CRH), enkephalin (ENK), and neurotensin (NT) mRNA levels within the medial parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (mpPVN), and the pattern of changes in mRNA levels appears to depend on the physical characteristics of the stressor. We questioned whether psychologically distinct stressors would cause different patterns of neuropeptide mRNA expression within the PVN. Psychologically distinct stressors were created by employing a paradigm of escapable (controllable) vs non‐escapable (yoked) tail shock. An adult male rats could terminate the stress stimulus by performing wheel‐turning behaviour; his behaviour also terminated the stress for his yoked partner, who had no control over the termination of the shock. Four h post‐stress, brains were collected and processed for in‐situ hybridization histochemistry. Tail‐shock stress stimulated a significant increase in CRH, ENK, and NT mRNA levels within the mpPVN. The number of CRH identified neurones coexpressing AVP mRNA was also significantly elevated in both stress groups. Moreover, the pattern and magnitude of the stress‐induced increases in mRNA was similar in both stress groups. Additionally, no stress‐induced changes in CRH mRNA levels were observed in the central nucleus of the amygdala. In sum, two psychologically distinct stressors, escapable vs yoked tail shock stress, stimulated similar increases in CRH, NT, ENK, and AVP mRNA levels within the mpPVN. These results suggest that physical attributes of a stress, rather than psychological, may be the more important factors in determining the PVN mRNA response.
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- Authors
- Helmreich, Watkins, Deak, Maier, Akil, & Watson
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 121-128
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W1501439639
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- National Institutes of Health (5f32mh010715-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 42251, MH 50479, P01MH042251, MH10715)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- stressor controllability, paraventricular nucleus, corticotropin-releasing factor, enkephalin, neurotensin, vasopressin, central amygdala, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Enkephalins, Male, Neuropeptides, Neurotensin, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Physiological, Gene Expression, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, In Situ Hybridization, Rats
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