Behavioral control over shock blocks behavioral and neurochemical effects of later social defeat
Open accessAbstract
Experience with behavioral control over tailshock (escapable shock, ES) has been shown to block the behavioral and neurochemical changes produced by later uncontrollable tail shock (inescapable shock, IS). The present experiments tested, in rats, whether the protective effect of control over tailshock extends beyond reducing the behavioral and neurochemical impact of a subsequent tailshock experience to stressors that are quite different. Social defeat (SD) was chosen as the second stress experience because it has few if any cues in common with tailshock. SD produced shuttlebox escape learning deficits ("learned helplessness") and reduced juvenile social investigation 24 h later, as does IS. IS is notable for inducing a large increase in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic (5-HT) activity as measured by extracellular levels of 5-HT within the DRN, and SD did so as well. ES occurring 7 days before SD blocked this SD-induced DRN activation, as well as the SD-induced interference with shuttlebox escape and reduction in social investigation. Prior exposure to yoked IS did not reduce the DRN 5-HT activation or later behavioral effects produced by SD, and thus the proactive stress-blunting effects of ES can be attributed to it's controllability. Thus, ES confers a very general protection to the impact of a subsequent stress experience.
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Immunization is trans-situational: inescapable shock in one situation blocks passivity/anxiety caused by stressors not involving shock in different situations.
“Second, it is trans-situational and so inescapable shock in one situation blocks the passivity/anxiety caused by even stressors that do not involve shock in different situations.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2010)
The Discussion reports that prior escapable shock blocked the behavioral effects of later social defeat, a stressor involving no shock. It explicitly says yoked inescapable shock did not have this effect and slightly, though not significantly, exaggerated those effects. The claim reverses which initial shock condition was protective. (LLM, conf=0.95)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExperience with escapable shock blocked passivity in shuttle escape and blocked reduced social investigation produced by social defeat seven days later.
“For example, Amat et al. (2010) reported that experience with escapable shock blocked the passivity in shuttle escape and also blocked the reduced social investigation (anxiety) produced by social defeat occurring seven days later.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al. (2010)
Social defeat increased DRN 5-HT activity, and prior escapable shock prevented this increase.
“As would be expected, social defeat also increased dorsal raphe nucleus 5-HT activity, and this increase was prevented by the prior escapable shock (Amat et al., 2010).”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Amat et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Amat, J., Aleksejev, R. M., Paul, E., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Amat, J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1031-1038
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2847505
- OpenAlex
- W1993727909
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH 50479)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- escapable shock, inescapable shock, social defeat, stress resilience, learned helplessness, dorsal raphe nucleus, serotonin, social investigation, yoked control
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Dominance-Subordination, Electroshock, Escape Reaction, Exploratory Behavior, Extracellular Space, Helplessness, Learned, Learning, Male, Raphe Nuclei, Serotonin, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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