The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
White Adipose Tissue: Getting Nervous
Abstract
Neuroendocrine research has altered the traditional perspective of white adipose tissue (WAT) as a passive store of triglycerides. In addition to fatty acids, WAT produces many hormones and can therefore be designated as a traditional endocrine gland actively participating in the integrative physiology of fuel and energy metabolism, eating behaviour and the regulation of hormone secretion and sensitivity. WAT is controlled by humoral factors, para‐ and intracrine factors and by neural regulation. Sympathetic nerve fibres innervate WAT and stimulate lipolysis, leading to the release of glycerol and free fatty acids. In addition, recent research in rats has clearly shown a functional parasympathetic innervation of WAT. There appears to be a distinct somatotopy within the parasympathetic nuclei: separate sets of autonomic neurones in the brain stem innervate either the visceral or the subcutaneous fat compartment. We therefore propose that the central nervous system (CNS) plays a major role in the hitherto unexplained regulation of body fat distribution. Parasympathectomy induces insulin resistance with respect to glucose and fatty acid uptake in the innervated fat depot and has selective effects on local hormone synthesis. Thus, the CNS is involved not only in the regulation of hormone production by WAT, but also in its hormone sensitivity. The developments in this research area are likely to increase our insights in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus type 2 and lipodystrophy syndromes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although initially thought of as inert storage sites for triacylglycerol, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ vital to whole body homeostasis and metabolism.”
From Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity risk (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419
Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Waki, H., Terauchi, Y., Kubota, N., Hara, K., Mori, Y., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N., et al. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/90984 · Cited by 4,915
The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes
Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., Brown, E. J., Banerjee, R. R., Wright, C. M., Patel, H. R., Ahima, R. S., & Lazar, M. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053000 · Cited by 4,755
Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting
Ahima, R. S., Prabakaran, D., Mantzoros, C., Qu, D., Lowell, B., Maratos-Flier, E., & Flier, J. S. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382250a0 · Cited by 3,117
Effects of Recombinant Leptin Therapy in a Child with Congenital Leptin Deficiency
Farooqi, I. S., Jebb, S. A., Langmack, G., Lawrence, E., Cheetham, C. H., Prentice, A. M., Hughes, I. A., McCamish, M. A., & O'Rahilly, S. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199909163411204 · Cited by 1,998
A transgenic model of visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome
Masuzaki, H., Paterson, J., Shinyama, H., Morton, N. M., Mullins, J. J., Seckl, J. R., & Flier, J. S. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1066285 · Cited by 1,766
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
Ahima, R. S., & Flier, J. S. (2000) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(00)00301-5 · Cited by 1,608
Endogenous glucose production is inhibited by the adipose-derived protein Acrp30
Combs, T. P., Berg, A. H., Obici, S., Scherer, P. E., & Rossetti, L. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci14120 · Cited by 955
Hypothalamic integration of central and peripheral clocks
Buijs, R. M., & Kalsbeek, A. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35081582 · Cited by 601
Self-citationWhat's in a Name? In Search of Leptin's Physiologic Role
Flier, J. S. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.5.4779 · Cited by 576
“Buffalo hump” in men with HIV-1 infection
Lo, J. C.-M., Mulligan, K. M., Tai, V., Algren, H. A., & Schambelan, M. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11443-x · Cited by 565
Kreier, F., Fliers, E., Voshol, P. J., van Eden, C. G., Havekes, L. M., Kalsbeek, A., Heijningen, C. L. V., Sluiter, A. A., Mettenleiter, T. C., Romijn, J. A., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci15736 · Cited by 370
Self-citationKarlsson, C., Lindell, K., Ottosson, M., Sjöström, L., Carlsson, B., & Carlsson, L. M. S. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.11.5276 · Cited by 351
Central nervous system origins of the sympathetic nervous system outflow to white adipose tissue
Bamshad, M., Aoki, V. T., Adkison, M., Warren, W. S., & Bartness, T. J. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.1.r291 · Cited by 344
Kreier, F., Fliers, E., Voshol, P. J., van Eden, C. G., Havekes, L. M., Kalsbeek, A., Heijningen, C. L. V., Sluiter, A. A., Mettenleiter, T. C., Romijn, J. A., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0215736 · Cited by 337
Self-citationThe Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Generates the Diurnal Changes in Plasma Leptin Levels
Kalsbeek, A., Fliers, E., Romijn, J. A., la Fleur, S. E., Wortel, J., Bakker, O., Endert, E., & Buijs, R. M. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.6.8197 · Cited by 305
Self-citationInnervation of mammalian white adipose tissue: implications for the regulation of total body fat
Bartness, T. J., & Bamshad, M. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.5.r1399 · Cited by 285
Kim, M. S., Small, C. J., Stanley, S. A., Morgan, D. G. A., Seal, L. J., Kong, W. M., Edwards, C. M. B., Abusnana, S., Sunter, D., Ghatei, M. A., et al. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci8857 · Cited by 256
Leptin, nutrition, and the thyroid: the why, the wherefore, and the wiring
Flier, J. S., Harris, M., & Hollenberg, A. N. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci9725 · Cited by 230
Karlsson, C. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.11.3925 · Cited by 197
Wang, H., Chu, W. S., Hemphill, C., & Elbein, S. C. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.6.8528 · Cited by 193
Yanovski, J. A., Miller, K. D., Kino, T., Friedman, T. C., Chrousos, G. P., Tsigos, C., & Falloon, J. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.6.5740 · Cited by 153
Increased sympathetic activity in rat white adipose tissue during prolonged fasting
Migliorini, R. H., Garófalo, M. A. R., & Kettelhut, Í. D. C. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.2.r656 · Cited by 121
The missing link with obesity?
Flier, J. S. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053251 · Cited by 108
Clinical Implications of CNS Penetration of Antiretroviral Drugs
Wynn, H. E., Brundage, R. C., & Fletcher, C. V. (2002) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200216090-00002 · Cited by 95
HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome as a selective autonomic neuropathy
Fliers, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Reiss, P., van der Valk, M., Kalsbeek, A., Kreier, F., & Buijs, R. M. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14858-1 · Cited by 62
Self-citationRapid oscillations in omental lipolysis are independent of changing insulin levels in vivo
Getty‐Kaushik, L., Panteleon, A. E., Mittelman, S. D., Dea, M. K., & Bergman, R. N. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci7815 · Cited by 51
Norepinephrine Spillover from Human Adipose Tissue before and after a 72-Hour Fast
Patel, J., Coppack, S. W., Goldstein, D. S., Miles, J. M., & Eisenhofer, G. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.7.8695 · Cited by 46
The subcutaneous lipolytic response to regional neural stimulation is reduced in obese women.
Dodt, C., Lönnroth, P., Fehm, H., & Elam, M. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.11.1875 · Cited by 33
van der Valk, M., Reiss, P., van Leth, F., Ackermans, M. T., Endert, E., Romijn, J. A., Heijligenberg, R., & Sauerwein, H. P. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020892 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuronal PTP1B regulates body weight, adiposity and leptin action
Bence, K. K., Delibegovic, M., Xue, B., Gorgun, C. Z., Hotamisligil, G. S., Neel, B. G., & Kahn, B. B. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1435 · Cited by 633
Physical Activity and Exercise in the Regulation of Human Adipose Tissue Physiology
Thompson, D., Karpe, F., Lafontan, M., & Frayn, K. N. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2011 · Cited by 425
Retinaldehyde represses adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity
Ziouzenkova, O., Orasanu, G., Sharlach, M., Akiyama, T. E., Berger, J. P., Viereck, J. C., Hamilton, J. A., Tang, G., Dolnikowski, G. G., Vogel, S., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1587 · Cited by 380
The secretory function of adipocytes in the physiology of white adipose tissue
Wang, P., Mariman, E., Renes, J., & Keijer, J. (2008) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21386 · Cited by 318
Inflammatory Process in Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Cytokines
ALEXANDRAKI, K., PIPERI, C., KALOFOUTIS, C., SINGH, J., ALAVERAS, A., & KALOFOUTIS, A. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1372.039 · Cited by 309
Metadata
- Authors
- Fliers, E., Kreier, F., Voshol, P. J., Havekes, L. M., Sauerwein, H. P., Kalsbeek, A., Buijs, R. M., & Romijn, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Fliers, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-10-21
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1005-1010
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W2151336952
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- white adipose tissue, adipose tissue endocrine function, sympathetic innervation, parasympathetic innervation, lipolysis, body fat distribution, insulin resistance, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, lipodystrophy
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Endocrine System, Humans, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Leptin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
