Immunological analysis of phloem sap of Bacillus thuringiensis corn and of the nontarget herbivore Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) for the presence of Cry1Ab
Abstract
Phloem sap of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn expressing a truncated form of the B. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1Ab, sap sucking aphids feeding on Bt corn and their honeydew were analysed for presence of Cry1Ab using ELISA. Phloem sap of Bt and non-Bt corn was collected using a newly developed technique with a microcapillary being directly inserted into the phloem tubes. Using this technique, no Cry1Ab was detected in the phloem sap. In contrast, measurable concentrations of Cry1Ab in the range of 1 ppb were detected when phloem sap of pooled leaf samples was extracted using EDTA buffer. This was probably because of Cry1Ab toxin released from damaged cells. When analysing apterous adults of Rhopalosiphum padi L. and their honeydew, no Cry1Ab could be detected. In contrast, Cry1Ab was clearly detected in both larvae of the leaf chewing herbivore Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and their faeces, showing that Cry1Ab is detectable after ingestion and excretion by herbivores. These results suggest that R. padi ingests or contains no or only very low concentrations of Cry1Ab in the range of the detection limit. In consequence it is hypothesized that R. padi as an important prey for beneficial insects in corn is unlikely to cause any harm to its antagonists due to mediating Bt toxin.
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Bt proteins do not seem to enter the phloem sap, which is the food for aphids.
“Bt proteins, however, do not seem to enter the phloem sap, which is the food for aphids (Raps et al., 2001).”
From Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control (2019) · cites this paper as Raps et al., 2001
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“Bt proteins, however, do not seem to enter the phloem sap, which is the food for aphids (Raps et al., 2001).”
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- Authors
- Raps, A., Kehr, J., Gugerli, P., Moar, W. J., Bigler, F., & Hilbeck, A.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Auburn University (US)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Raps, A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 525-533
- ISSN
- 0962-1083 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-294X
- OpenAlex
- W2111142657
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Ecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Keywords
- Bacillus thuringiensis, Cry1Ab, Bt maize, phloem sap, Rhopalosiphum padi, Spodoptera littoralis, honeydew, delta-endotoxin, genetically modified crops
- MeSH terms
- Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, Animals, Aphids, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Proteins, Bacterial Toxins, Zea mays, Endotoxins, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hemolysin Proteins, Larva, Moths, Plant Leaves, Plants, Genetically Modified
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