Tritrophic Choice Experiments with Bt Plants, the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) and the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae
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Parasitoids are important natural enemies of many pest species and are used extensively in biological and integrated control programmes. Crop plants transformed to express toxin genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) provide high levels of resistance to certain pest species, which is likely to have consequent effects on parasitoids specialising on such pests. A better understanding of the interaction between transgenic plants, pests and parasitoids is important to limit disruption of biological control and to provide background knowledge essential for implementing measures for the conservation of parasitoid populations. It is also essential for investigations into the potential role of parasitoids in delaying the build-up of Bt-resistant pest populations. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a major pest of brassica crops, is normally highly susceptible to a range of Bt toxins. However, extensive use of microbial Bt sprays has led to the selection of resistance to Bt toxins in P. xylostella. Cotesia plutellae is an important endoparasitoid of P. xylostella larvae. Although unable to survive in Bt-susceptible P. xylostella larvae on highly resistant Bt oilseed rape plants due to premature host mortality, C. plutellae is able to complete its larval development in Bt-resistant P. xylostella larvae. Experiments of parasitoid flight and foraging behaviour presented in this paper showed that adult C. plutellae females do not distinguish between Bt and wildtype oilseed rape plants, and are more attracted to Bt plants damaged by Bt-resistant hosts than by susceptible hosts. This stronger attraction to Bt plants damaged by resistant hosts was due to more extensive feeding damage. Population scale experiments with mixtures of Bt and wildtype plants demonstrated that the parasitoid is as effective in controlling Bt-resistant P. xylostella larvae on Bt plants as on wildtype plants. In these experiments equal or higher numbers of parasitoid adults emerged per transgenic as per wildtype plant. The implications for integrated pest management and the evolution of resistance to Bt in P. xylostella are discussed.
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- Authors
- Schuler, T. H., Potting, R. P. J., Denholm, I., Clark, S. J., Clark, A. J., Stewart, C. N., & Poppy, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Rothamsted Research (GB)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Schuler, Tanja H.
- ORCID
- Potting, Roel P.J.
- Venue
- Transgenic Research
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 351-361
- ISSN
- 0962-8819 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-9368
- OpenAlex
- W2151577892
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 12.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Transgenic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Keywords
- Bt crops, Plutella xylostella, Cotesia plutellae, parasitoid foraging behavior, Bt resistance, parasitoid conservation, biological control, oilseed rape, integrated pest management, parasitoid emergence
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Toxins, Feeding Behavior, Female, Host-Parasite Interactions, Insecticide Resistance, Moths, Plant Leaves, Crops, Agricultural, Brassica rapa, Plants, Genetically Modified
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