Functional properties and interaction of the anterior and posterior intraparietal areas in humans

“In cases where the peak activation coordinates were reported in the atlas space of Talairach and Tournoux (1988), the coordinates were first mapped to FSL MNI152 space (Lancaster et al.”

“Three of these putative homologues — areas LIP, VIP and AIP — are of particular relevance here, although other potential homologues have been identifie”

“By contrast, the activity in hCIP during surface orientation discrimination is not influenced by imagined or executed spatial finger adjustments, indicating that hCIP is likely to be concerned with coding 3D features of objects whereas hAIP is more involved in visually guided hand movements, as has been observed in ma…”

“homologous to monkey AIP, which is involved in visually guided grasping, is still very much open [27,28,30].”

“Information in aIPS may be processed to prepare adequate actions on these objects (Shikata et al., 2003, 2008).”

“, 2006) is highly activated by visuomotor tasks such as visually guided grasping (Binkofski et al., 1998; Shikata et al., 2003; Frey et al., 2005) and also responds to hand manipulation without visual feedback (Binkofski et al.”

“Several studies using various methodological approaches (functional MRI, electrophysiological recordings and lesion studies) have linked the cIPS and POC sites to a variety of (mostly percept-based) functions related to grasping (cIP”

“…(Grafton et al., 1996; Binkofski et al., 1998; Jäncke et al., 2001; Grefkes et al., 2002), VIP (Bremmer et al., 2001), MIP (Grefkes et al., 2004), LIP (Heide et al., 2001; Sereno et al., 2001; Koyama et al., 2004), and PIP (Taira et al., 1998; Faillenot et al., 1999; Shikata et al., 2001, 2003).”

“…o w p a h c h p t a adjus arger than the standard deviations of the control group represented by the grey r urthermore all conditions are significantly different when compared by pairs w ointing task reveals, for both patients a combination of a hand effect and a fiel bjects (Shikata et al., 2003).”

“Motor-related activation in those areas has been documented in imaging studies as well as in single-unit recording in monkeys (Culham et al., 2003; Shikata et al., 2003).”

“Orientation vs Color discrimination (Shikata et al., 2003) 36 -39 39 39 -39 39 17.”

“Shikata et al. (2003) found an increased BOLD signal in the anterior IPS (a proposed homologue to A AIP LIP PRR IPS IPS CS PRR LIP AIP CS SPL IPL B Fig.”

“3 Brain activation during saccade and reach planning in humans. a Brain activation for movement planning, presented on the semi-inflated hemisphere of a single subject, for saccades (blue voxels) versus right-hand movements (red voxels) and movement preparation of both hand and eye movements (conjunction analysis, pur…”

“Data from neuroimaging studies have confirmed the importance of the junction between the PoCS and the aIPS for human grasping (Figure 2B; Grafton et al., 1996b; Culham et al., 2003; Shikata et al., 2003; Frey et al., 2005; Pierno et al., 2009).”

“This region (area cIPS) may be a homologue of macaque cIPS [51,55,72] which codes object features and send projections to AIP [54].”

“Activity within cIPS has been previously reported during judgments of surface orientation (Shikata et al. 2001, 2003; Vinberg and Grill-Spector 2008).”

“Fourthly, mirror neurons may be involved in a ToM process that differs from empathy by drawing upon an accumulated knowledge of action obtained through self–other comparison.”

“…that reach and grasp are temporally synchronized but controlled by distinct networks of neurons in parietal cortex (Binkowski et al. 1998, 1999; Chieffi and Gentilucci 1993; Culham et al. 2003; Ehrsson et al. 2000; Frey et al. 2005; Grafton et al. 1996; Shikata et al. 2003; Tunik et al. 2005).”

“, 2008), is located in the caudal IPS, however, whether or not hIP3 comprises the CIP as defined in the macaque remains to be clarified (Shikata et al., 2003; Grefkes and Fink, 2005; Choi et al., 2006).”

“Interestingly , these regions had been previously shown to be involved in the extraction of 3D shape from motion (Murray et al., 2003; Orban et al., 1999; Vanduffel et al., 2002) and also from texture (Georgieva et al., 2008; Shikata et al., 2003; Shikata et al., 2008).”

“, 2002) and the other located in the posterior aspect (most likely corresponding to area CIP; Shikata et al., 2003) of the IPS.”

“2001, 2003), and perception of disparity and perspective cues (neurophysiology: Katsuyama et al. 2010; Sakata et al. 1998; Tsutsui et al. 2001, 2002, 2003; neuroimaging: Shikata et al. 2001, 2003; James et al. 2002).”

“…No Sheridan et al. 2007 10 10 13200 Sample vs. Choice Letters Yes Shikata et al. 2001 6 0 1000 - 2000 Sample vs. Choice Line orientation / color No Shikata et al. 2003 9 4 1500 - 4000 Sample vs. Choice Line orientation / color No Smith et al. 2006 10 10 1000, 4000 Sample vs. Choice Abstract…”

“In addition, it has been proposed [10,36,42] that the visual object responses in the anterior IPS depend on 3D information represented in CIP, and, to our knowledge, our study provides the first causal evidence that this is indeed true.”

“This can be explained by the fact that PMv receives projections from IPL, particularly from the AIP region, which is related to visuomotor control of the hand, in particular grasp [Hamzei et al., 2002; Shikata et al., 2003; TanneGariepy et al., 2002].”

“…and symmetry analysis, and grasping objects (Arbib, 2005; Assad, 2003; Beauchamp et al., 2002; Faillenot et al., 2001; Gilaie-Dotan et al., 2001; Kanwisher and Wojciulik, 2000; Milner and Goodale, 1993; Sasaki et al., 2005; Schluppeck et al., 2005; Shikata et al., 2003; Tsao et al., 2003).”

“…and brain imaging studies have demonstrated that the anterior sectors of the inferior parietal cortex mediate sensorimotor integration processes of the precisely tuned finger movements required for grasping (Binkofski et al., 1998, 1999; Simon et al., 2002; Shikata et al., 2003; Culham, 2004).”

“These cortical areas have been implicated previously in the processing of visual form and the global (spatial) attributes of visual stimuli (Peterson et al., 1999; Podzebenko et al., 2005; Shikata et al., 2003).”

“…al., 1997; Murata, Gallese, Luppino, Kaseda, & Sakata, 2000; Raos et al., 2006; Romero, Pani, & Janssen, 2014; Sakata, Taira, Murata, & Mine, 1995; Shikata et al., 2003; Srivastava, Orban, De Mazière, & Janssen, 2009; Theys, Pani, van Loon, Goffin, & Janssen, 2012, 2013; Theys, Srivastava, van…”

“This part of the IPS was also recognized in the context of the coding of 3D features of objects (Shikata et al., 2003), constituting a suitable target to induce object representations in the absence of visual or somatosensory input during pantomime.”

“In another study, it was proposed that a possible human equivalent of monkey CIP exists in the posterior part of the intraparietal sulcus bilaterally (Shikata et al., 2003).”

“Although a number of past studies have suggested a human homolog of cIPS (James et al. 2002; Shikata et al. 2003; Rice et al. 2007; Valyear et al. 2007; Shikata et al. 2008), there has been little consensus on its exact location.”

“Our data, taken in light of recent fMRI evidence that observation of prehensile movements (Shmuelof and Zohary, 2005; Hamilton and Grafton, 2006), viewing and naming tools (Chao and Martin, 2000), and imagining or pantomiming a grasping movement (Shikata et al., 2003) are associated with Fig.”

“…Goodale 1993; Kanwisher and Wojciulik 2000; Backus et al. 2001; Faillenot et al. 2001; Beauchamp et al. 2002; Gilaie-Dotan et al. 2001; Assad 2003; Shikata et al. 2003; Tsao et al. 2003; Altmann et al. 2005; Arbib network contribute to the testing component of model verification for both…”

“Moreover, it seems to encode 3D object features which are transmitted to area AIP responsible for utilizing this input to program appropriate hand movements towards the object (Sakata et al., 1998; Shikata et al., 2003).”

“Indeed, in previous neuroimaging studies [Shikata et al., 2001, 2003], we observed signal changes in putative area AIP and area CIP elicited by a purely visual discrimination task, similar to the one used in nonhuman primates [Tsutsui et al., 2002].”

“Activity in the LMS2/RMS2 region of human cortex (a possible homologue of macaque area CIP; Tsutsui et al. 2001) has been reported during object manipulation, particularly when visual information about surface orientation is available to guide grasping (Shikata et al. 2003).”

“The cIPS will also be discussed in the following, as responses in this region are expected from prior work on action and tool representation (Shikata et al. 2001, 2003; Culham et al. 2003; Mahon et al. 2007).”

“In addition, we defined intraparietal areas AIP and CIP as spherical volumes with a 10-mm radius surrounding previously reported coordinates: AIP: T40, 42, 36 (Grefkes et al., 2002); CIP: 9, 75, 54/24, 66, 60 (Shikata et al., 2003).”

“Evidence such as these show that the parietofrontal circuit composed by AIP and the premotor cortex—also called ventro-dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003)—has a critical role in the extraction of visuomotor properties for object oriented hand actions (Shikata et al. 2003).”

“…PPC in humans and monkeys exhibit selectivity for three-dimensional cues of shape such as structurefrom-motion (SFM) (Vanduffel et al., 2002), stereopsis, and perspective (Shikata et al., 1996, 2001, 2003; Sugihara et al., 2002; Anderson and Siegel, 2005; Orban et al., 2006; Durand et al., 2007).”

“Selectivity for relevant object features such as orientation was found in both the visual domain (visual orientation task; Shikata et al. 2001, 2003) and the motor domain (hand/wrist orientation; Taubert et al. 2010; Tunik et al. 2005).”

“This cortical area is positioned immediately laterally (>12 mm) of V6 (Pitzalis et al., 2006) and inferior to the orientation selective CIP (Shikata et al., 2001, 2003).”

“…et al., 1999; Labar et al., 1999; Wojciulik & Kanwisher, 1999; Corbetta et al., 2000; Hopfinger et al., 2000; Yantis et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2003; Shikata et al., 2003), suggesting involvement of IPL in attentional control processes, and is also consistent with the top-down attentional control…”

“This choice is quite common among fMRI studies due to the difficulty of performing real grasping in the MR environment (Shikata et al., 2003; Simon et al., 2002; Johnson-Frey et al., 2005; Bozzacchi et al., 2012; Makuuchi et al., 2012), especially if the objects to grasp are commonly used objects and not boxes or mani…”

“It was shown that the posterior part of IPS, which is close to our activated area, was activated during the discrimination of a 3D structure based on monocular cues, such as texture gradient (Shikata et al., 2003).”

“…and relays this information to F5, which transforms the action properties into suitable motor acts, even though, in order to defend my claim, it sufficient to say that the ventro-dorsal stream has a critical role in the extraction of visuomotor properties of objects (Shikata et al. 2003).”

“, light sensitivity (58, 60, 62), noise sensitivity (55, 56), motor control problems (49, 57), visual problems (62, 72)] and cognitive symptoms [e.”

“The speculation that there are no cortical areas where multimodal information for vision and touch converge has been supported bymodern scientificwork (FellemanandVan Essen, 1991; Singer, 1993; Singer and Gray, 1995; Young et al., 1992).”

“…Shikata et al., 2008), whereas caudal intraparietal area (CIP) of the posterior part of the IPS and the V6 complex of the parieto-occipital sulcus are found to be more medially in the human brain (CIP: Shikata et al., 2003; V6: Dechent and Frahm, 2003; for a review, see Grefkes and Fink, 2005).”

“that, contrary to the general assumption that pantomimed actions are a valid proxy for real target-directed actions and can be used to investigate the neural correlates of grasping (Simon et al. 2002; Shikata et al. 2003) and tool use (Ohgami et al.”

“Nevertheless, several further brain regions, including V1, the lateral occipital cortex, superior temporal cortex, and subcortical structures also contribute to orientation discrimination.(18,58,59) This distributed orientation processing network could be one potential explanation for the training benefits seen also i…”

“Task-based fMRI investigation has identified a homologous region of primate AIP, which is activated by visually guided grasping (Shikata et al. 2003; Culham et al. 2003), but also in observation and imitation of movements (Mühlau et al. 2005), and observation of graspable parietal representations…”

“Although a clear correspondence is yet to be achieved, the data collected by [152, 153] and other studies clearly indicate that, similarly to its role in macaques, the function of human CIP is that of coding 3D features of target objects for providing AIP with the information necessary for visually-guided hand movemen…”

“This region, considered to be homologous with the same area cIPS in the monkey (macaque) cerebral cortex, has been previously associated with the analysis of the structure of three-dimensional objects (Culham, CavinaPratesi, & Singhal, 2006; James et al., 2002a; Sakata et al., 1997; Shikata et al., 2003).”

“In human fMRI studies, both DIPSA and caudal IPS have shown activation related to spatial discrimination of surface orientation, but caudal IPS activation was more tightly linked to the discrimination task and did not change during grasping movements (Shikata et al., 2001, 2003).”

“, ([30, 53, 53]) and is overlapped with the anterior intraparietal area (AIP) which is reported to be responsible for discrimination and manipulation of 3D objects both in humans (Shikata et al., 2003) and monkeys (Verhoef et al.”